ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Changes In Earth's Ozone Layer Predicted To Increase UV Radiation In Tropics And Antarctica
• Possible Genetic Factor For Male Infertility Identified
• Mini-Comets Within A Comet Lit Up 17P/Holmes During Megaoutburst
• Implantable Defibrillators May Not Benefit Women With Heart Failure
• Necklace For Long-term And Robust Cardiac Monitoring In Daily Life
• Reading Kafka Improves Learning, Suggests Psychology Study
• Sophisticated Telescope Camera Debuts With Peek At Nest Of Black Holes
• Diabetes Drug Kills Cancer Stem Cells In Combination Treatment In Mice
• Researcher Trips Amputees In Effort To Develop Improved Prosthetic Legs
• Unique Cancer Profile Of Hispanic/Latino Americans
• Super Bedsheet Solves Delivery-room Problems
• Background TV Found To Have Negative Effect On Parent-child Interactions
• Skeleton Found At Roman Site In Britain Mystifies Archaeologists
• 'Alert Status' Area In Brain Discoved: New Understanding Of Anesthesia
• Light Electric Motor To Increase Efficiency Of Electric Vehicles
• Genome Sequencing Reveals Genetic Diversity Of Bacteria That Cause Buruli Ulcer
• Monitoring Illegal Wildlife Trade: DNA 'Barcodes' For 25 Hunted Wildlife Species Sequenced
• Parental Physical Discipline Through Childhood Linked To Behavior Problems In Teens
• Direct Evidence Of Role Of Sleep In Memory Formation Is Uncovered
• Link Between Protein And Lung Disease Found
• Beans' Defenses Mean Bacteria Get Evolutionary Helping Hand
• Finding Of Genetic Region Controlling Cardiovascular Sensitivity To Anesthetic Propofol
• As Ash Borer Claims More Trees, Researcher Works For Species Survival
• No Change In The Link Between Deprivation And Death Since 1900s
• Scary Music Is Scarier With Your Eyes Shut
• Comprehensive Cardiac CT Scan May Give Clearer Picture Of Significant Heart Disease
• Virtual Maps For The Blind
• Endothelin Drugs Benefit Those With Pulmonary Hypertension
• 50 Millionth Unique Chemical Substance Recorded In Chemical Abstracts Service Registry
• Don't Stand By Me: When Involving An Interested Party May Not Be In Your Best Interest
• Molecular Evidence Supports Key Tenet Of Darwin's Evolution Theory
• Individual Genetic Data Illuminates How Genes Influence Human Health
• Water Quality In Orbit: H₂O Disinfection Tested On International Space Station
• Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease Need Not Avoid Air Travel, Study Finds
• When You've Doubled Your Genes, What's One Chromosome More Or Less? How Polyploidy And Genomic Change Can Lead To Evolutionary Change
• Work Conditions Impact Parents' Food Choices
• Rome Was Built In A Day, With Hundreds Of Thousands Of Digital Photos
• Popular Stomach Acid Reducer Triples Risk Of Developing Pneumonia, Study Suggests
• Hemp And Marijuana: Genes Producing THC, Active Ingredient In Cannabis Plant, Identified
• Weighing Costs, Benefits Of HIV Treatments
• Largest-ever Collection Of Coins From Period Of Revolt Against Romans Found In Judean Hills
• Fake Video Dramatically Alters Eyewitness Accounts
• Jupiter Captured Comet For 12 Years In Mid-20th Century
• Blood Vessels Contribute To Their Own Growth And Oxygen Delivery To Tissues And Tumors
• Getting Plants To Rid Themselves Of Pesticide Residues
• Linking Epstein-Barr Virus To Multiple Sclerosis
• Researchers Using Parallel Processing Computing Could Save Thousands By Using An Xbox
• Spanking Found To Have Negative Effects On Low-income Toddlers

Changes In Earth's Ozone Layer Predicted To Increase UV Radiation In Tropics And Antarctica Posted: 16 Sep 2009 11:00 AM PDT Physicists have discovered that changes in the Earth's ozone layer due to climate change will reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation in northern high latitude regions such as Siberia, Scandinavia and northern Canada. Other regions of the Earth, such as the tropics and Antarctica, will instead face increasing levels of UV radiation.

Possible Genetic Factor For Male Infertility Identified Posted: 16 Sep 2009 11:00 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a gene involved with the production of sperm that may contribute to male infertility, and lead to new approaches to male contraception.

Mini-Comets Within A Comet Lit Up 17P/Holmes During Megaoutburst Posted: 16 Sep 2009 11:00 AM PDT Astronomers have discovered multiple fragments ejected during the largest cometary outburst ever witnessed. Images and animations show fragments rapidly flying away from the nucleus of comet 17P/Holmes.

Implantable Defibrillators May Not Benefit Women With Heart Failure Posted: 16 Sep 2009 11:00 AM PDT Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators do not appear to be associated with a reduced risk of death in women with advanced heart failure, according to a meta-analysis of previously published research.

Necklace For Long-term And Robust Cardiac Monitoring In Daily Life Posted: 16 Sep 2009 11:00 AM PDT Scientists have developed a prototype of an electrocardiogram or ECG necklace. The technology enables long-term monitoring of cardiac performance and allows patients to remain ambulatory and continue their routine daily activities while under observation. The embedded beat detection algorithm copes with the artefacts inherent to ambulatory monitoring systems.

Reading Kafka Improves Learning, Suggests Psychology Study Posted: 16 Sep 2009 11:00 AM PDT Reading a book by Franz Kafka -- or watching a film by director David Lynch -- could make you smarter. According to research by psychologists, exposure to surrealism enhances the cognitive mechanisms that oversee implicit learning functions.

Sophisticated Telescope Camera Debuts With Peek At Nest Of Black Holes Posted: 16 Sep 2009 08:00 AM PDT Less than two months after they inaugurated the world's largest telescope, astronomers have used one of the world's most advanced telescopic instruments to gather images of the heavens. The handful of "first light" images include a yellow and blue orb-like structure that depicts our Milky Way galaxy, home to thousands of black holes -- including, at its core, a "supermassive" black hole thought to be as massive as 4 million suns put together.

Diabetes Drug Kills Cancer Stem Cells In Combination Treatment In Mice Posted: 16 Sep 2009 08:00 AM PDT In tumors formed by human breast cancer cells in mice, a diabetes drug was more effective than chemotherapy alone in prolonging remission. Mice appeared tumor-free for the two months after treatment before the end of the experiment. The drug, metformin, appears to selectively kill cancer stem cells in culture dishes and in mice.

Researcher Trips Amputees In Effort To Develop Improved Prosthetic Legs Posted: 16 Sep 2009 08:00 AM PDT An engineer has been tripping amputees in a laboratory study that seeks to improve the safety of prosthetic legs by developing a reliable and responsive stumble detection system.

Unique Cancer Profile Of Hispanic/Latino Americans Posted: 16 Sep 2009 08:00 AM PDT Report finds Hispanic/Latino Americans are less likely than non-Hispanic whites to develop and die from all cancers combined as well as the four most common cancers, but have higher rates of several cancers related to infections and are more likely to have cancer detected at a later stage.

Super Bedsheet Solves Delivery-room Problems Posted: 16 Sep 2009 08:00 AM PDT A specially modified, millimeter-thick, super-absorbent bed sheet solves delivery-room problems.

Background TV Found To Have Negative Effect On Parent-child Interactions Posted: 16 Sep 2009 08:00 AM PDT A new study looks for the first time at the effect of background TV on interactions between parents and young children. Using an experimental design, researchers found that when a TV was on, both the quantity and quality of interactions between parents and children dropped. This study challenges the common assumption that background TV doesn't affect very young children if they don't look at the screen.

Skeleton Found At Roman Site In Britain Mystifies Archaeologists Posted: 16 Sep 2009 05:00 AM PDT A skeleton, found at one of the most important, but least understood, Roman sites in Britain is puzzling experts.

'Alert Status' Area In Brain Discoved: New Understanding Of Anesthesia Posted: 16 Sep 2009 05:00 AM PDT A new understanding of how anesthesia and anesthesia-like states are controlled in the brain opens the door to possible new future treatments of various states of loss of consciousness, such as reversible coma, according to scientists.

Light Electric Motor To Increase Efficiency Of Electric Vehicles Posted: 16 Sep 2009 05:00 AM PDT Scientists have developed a highly efficient lightweight electric motor. The new technology promises to help firms build more efficient electric vehicles.

Genome Sequencing Reveals Genetic Diversity Of Bacteria That Cause Buruli Ulcer Posted: 16 Sep 2009 05:00 AM PDT A new study lays the groundwork for development of a cost-effective tool for studying the population structure and spread of Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer. Researchers have developed SNP typing assays to systematically profile genetic diversity among M. ulcerans isolates by sequencing and comparing the genomes of selected strains.

Monitoring Illegal Wildlife Trade: DNA 'Barcodes' For 25 Hunted Wildlife Species Sequenced Posted: 16 Sep 2009 05:00 AM PDT Researchers have sequenced DNA "barcodes" for as many as 25 hunted wildlife species, providing information that can be used to better monitor the elusive trade of wildlife products, or bushmeat.

Parental Physical Discipline Through Childhood Linked To Behavior Problems In Teens Posted: 16 Sep 2009 05:00 AM PDT Using data collected in two longitudinal studies, researchers found that parents typically adjust the way they discipline their children in response to their children's cognitive abilities, using less physical discipline (spanking, slapping, hitting with an object) over time. Researchers also found that when parents' use of physical discipline continues through childhood, by the time their children are teens, they're more likely to have behavior problems.

Direct Evidence Of Role Of Sleep In Memory Formation Is Uncovered Posted: 16 Sep 2009 02:00 AM PDT A research team has pinpointed for the first time the mechanism that takes place during sleep that causes learning and memory formation to occur. The team has determined that short transient brain events, called "sharp wave ripples," are responsible for consolidating memory and transferring the learned information from the hippocampus to the neocortex, where long-term memories are stored.

Link Between Protein And Lung Disease Found Posted: 16 Sep 2009 02:00 AM PDT In a development that could lead to a novel approach to the treatment of a devastating lung disease, biochemists have linked the osteopontin protein to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Beans' Defenses Mean Bacteria Get Evolutionary Helping Hand Posted: 16 Sep 2009 02:00 AM PDT Bean plants' natural defenses against bacterial infections could be unwittingly driving the evolution of more highly pathogenic bacteria, according to new research. The study sheds new light on how bacterial pathogens evolve and adapt to stresses from host plants. This information could help researchers develop new ways of tackling pathogens that cause extensive and costly damage to beans and other food crops.

Finding Of Genetic Region Controlling Cardiovascular Sensitivity To Anesthetic Propofol Posted: 16 Sep 2009 02:00 AM PDT Researchers have identified the genetic region in rats responsible for cardiovascular collapse during anesthesia. While it is well known that people have different cardiovascular sensitivity to anesthesia causing some to collapse even when low doses are administered, the mechanism responsible for this susceptibility is not clear.

As Ash Borer Claims More Trees, Researcher Works For Species Survival Posted: 16 Sep 2009 02:00 AM PDT Estimates say more than 70 million ash trees have been destroyed nationally by the emerald ash borer insect. An Iowa researcher is racing the clock to collect seeds from different ash species including green, white, blue and black ash, and many variations within each species before they are killed by the pest. He thinks he may be about 10 percent there.

No Change In The Link Between Deprivation And Death Since 1900s Posted: 16 Sep 2009 02:00 AM PDT The link between deprivation and premature death is as strong today as it was in the early 1900s, according to new research.

Scary Music Is Scarier With Your Eyes Shut Posted: 15 Sep 2009 11:00 PM PDT Researchers report that the simple fact of closing the eyes can elicit more intense physical responses in the brain itself, visible on fMRIs.

Comprehensive Cardiac CT Scan May Give Clearer Picture Of Significant Heart Disease Posted: 15 Sep 2009 11:00 PM PDT Researchers have developed a computed-tomography-based protocol that identifies both narrowing of coronary arteries and areas of myocardial ischemia -- restricted blood flow to heart muscle tissue -- giving a better indication of clinically significant coronary artery disease.

Virtual Maps For The Blind Posted: 15 Sep 2009 11:00 PM PDT A researcher in Israel has invented a new software tool, interfacing with the user through the sense of touch, to help the blind navigate through unfamiliar places.

Endothelin Drugs Benefit Those With Pulmonary Hypertension Posted: 15 Sep 2009 11:00 PM PDT Research on new drugs to block endothelin has led to successful treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and provides hope for treating other chronic diseases. Whether the new drugs can treat congestive heart failure is less clear.

50 Millionth Unique Chemical Substance Recorded In Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Posted: 15 Sep 2009 11:00 PM PDT Chemical Abstracts Service, a division of the American Chemical Society, announced that on September 7 it recorded the 50 millionth substance in CAS, the world's most comprehensive and high-quality compendium of publicly disclosed chemical information. The recently registered substance is a novel arylmethylidene heterocycle with analgesic properties.

Don't Stand By Me: When Involving An Interested Party May Not Be In Your Best Interest Posted: 15 Sep 2009 11:00 PM PDT When business leaders leave organizations following poor decisions, constituents often find comfort in replacing them with insiders -- others familiar with the problem and original choices. But, new research shows that such decisions are best left to a completely unrelated, outside party, contrary to the natural inclination to go to an insider -- someone with personal connections to the old boss.

Molecular Evidence Supports Key Tenet Of Darwin's Evolution Theory Posted: 15 Sep 2009 08:00 PM PDT An international team of researchers has discovered evidence at the molecular level in support of one of the key tenets of Darwin's theory of evolution. As a model system, the research focused on one specific molecular machine, the TIM complex, which transports proteins into mitochondria.

Individual Genetic Data Illuminates How Genes Influence Human Health Posted: 15 Sep 2009 08:00 PM PDT Researchers have used individual genetic data to reveal the powers and limits of our current understanding of how the genome influences human health and what genes can reveal about the ancestry of the people of New Hampshire.

Water Quality In Orbit: H<sub>2</sub>O Disinfection Tested On International Space Station Posted: 15 Sep 2009 08:00 PM PDT Space is not a fun place to get a stomach bug. To ensure drinking water is adequately disinfected, chemists have developed a two-minute water quality monitoring method that just started six months of tests aboard the International Space Station.

Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease Need Not Avoid Air Travel, Study Finds Posted: 15 Sep 2009 08:00 PM PDT Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are often concerned about the occurrence of pneumothorax (collapsed lung) or other life-threatening events during air travel. However, new research shows that, even in ILD with a high prevalence of spontaneous pneumothorax, such as lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), there is a relatively low risk of these events occurring.

When You've Doubled Your Genes, What's One Chromosome More Or Less? How Polyploidy And Genomic Change Can Lead To Evolutionary Change Posted: 15 Sep 2009 08:00 PM PDT For animals, an extra chromosome can result in major problems, but plants are another matter. Many plants can survive an extra copy of their entire genome (polyploidy), and this process often results in a new species, making it an important mechanism in evolution. In fact, over 80 percent of plants may be a product of polyploidy. This research examines how polyploidy and genomic change can lead to evolutionary change, and affect plants' fitness and vigor.

Work Conditions Impact Parents' Food Choices Posted: 15 Sep 2009 08:00 PM PDT How working parents cope with competing demands on their time that can compromise food choices for the family and how work conditions are related to food choice coping strategies are the subjects of a recent study. Findings suggest that better work conditions may be associated with more positive strategies such as more home-prepared meals, eating with the family, keeping healthful food at work, and less meal skipping.

Rome Was Built In A Day, With Hundreds Of Thousands Of Digital Photos Posted: 15 Sep 2009 05:00 PM PDT Using tourist photos downloaded from the Web, computer scientists created a digital version of Rome in about a day.

Popular Stomach Acid Reducer Triples Risk Of Developing Pneumonia, Study Suggests Posted: 15 Sep 2009 05:00 PM PDT A popular stomach-acid reducer used to prevent stress ulcers in critically ill patients needing breathing machine support increases the risk of those patients contracting pneumonia threefold, according to researchers.

Hemp And Marijuana: Genes Producing THC, Active Ingredient In Cannabis Plant, Identified Posted: 15 Sep 2009 05:00 PM PDT In a first step toward engineering a drug-free Cannabis plant for hemp fiber and oil, researchers have identified genes producing tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive substance in marijuana. Studying the genes could also lead to new and better drugs for pain, nausea and other conditions.

Weighing Costs, Benefits Of HIV Treatments Posted: 15 Sep 2009 05:00 PM PDT Prevention versus treatment? Cost versus efficacy? So go two of the dilemmas looming over researchers in the race to fight HIV and other infectious diseases in the developing world — especially among women and their young children. A randomized trial found that a cohort of 82 HIV-infected children ages 6 to 35 months responded better to treatment with the protease-inhibiting drug lopinavir (LPV/r) than did a cohort of 82 children in the same age group who received the anti-retroviral drug nevirapine (NVP).

Largest-ever Collection Of Coins From Period Of Revolt Against Romans Found In Judean Hills Posted: 15 Sep 2009 05:00 PM PDT The largest cache of rare coins ever found in a scientific excavation from the period of the Bar-Kokhba revolt of the Jews against the Romans has been discovered in a cave by researchers in Israel.

Fake Video Dramatically Alters Eyewitness Accounts Posted: 15 Sep 2009 05:00 PM PDT Researchers at the University of Warwick have found that fake video evidence can dramatically alter people's perceptions of events, even convincing them to testify as an eyewitness to an event that never happened.

Jupiter Captured Comet For 12 Years In Mid-20th Century Posted: 15 Sep 2009 02:00 PM PDT Comet 147P/Kushida-Muramatsu was captured as a temporary moon of Jupiter in the mid-20th century and remained trapped in an irregular orbit for about twelve years. There are only a handful of known comets where this phenomenon of temporary satellite capture has occurred and the capture duration in the case of Kushida-Muramatsu, which orbited Jupiter between 1949 and 1961, is the third longest.

Blood Vessels Contribute To Their Own Growth And Oxygen Delivery To Tissues And Tumors Posted: 15 Sep 2009 02:00 PM PDT Researchers have identified a new biological process that spurs the growth of new blood vessels. Vascular networks form and expand by "sprouting," similar to the way trees grow new branches. The process allows fresh oxygen and nutrients to be delivered to tissues, whether in a developing embryo or a cancerous tumor. Up until now, scientists thought that the molecular signals to form new sprouts came from outside the vessel. But new research has shown that signals can also come from within the blood vessel, pushing new blood vessel sprouts outward.

Getting Plants To Rid Themselves Of Pesticide Residues Posted: 15 Sep 2009 02:00 PM PDT Scientists in China are reporting the "intriguing" discovery that a natural plant hormone, applied to crops, can help plants eliminate residues of certain pesticides.

Linking Epstein-Barr Virus To Multiple Sclerosis Posted: 15 Sep 2009 02:00 PM PDT Over the last 40 years, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been repeatedly associated with multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Researchers offer new data that further support the link. In the brain lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis her team found abnormal accumulation of EBV infected B lymphocytes. Similar findings were made in the pathological tissues of patients with other autoimmune diseases.

Researchers Using Parallel Processing Computing Could Save Thousands By Using An Xbox Posted: 15 Sep 2009 02:00 PM PDT A new study has demonstrated that researchers trying to model a range of processes could use the power and capabilities of a particular XBox chip as a much cheaper alternative to other forms of parallel processing hardware.

Spanking Found To Have Negative Effects On Low-income Toddlers Posted: 15 Sep 2009 02:00 PM PDT A longitudinal study of more than 2,500 low-income White, African American, and Mexican-American mothers and their children found that spanking at age 1 leads to more aggressive behaviors at age 2 and less sophisticated cognitive development at age 3. In contrast, researchers found that verbal punishment alone didn't affect children's aggression or their cognitive development. Interestingly, when verbal punishment was accompanied by emotional support from moms, children performed better on cognitive ability tests.

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