ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Giant Stone-age Axes Found In African Lake Basin
• Master Gene That Switches On Disease-fighting Cells Identified By Scientists
• Opto-electronic Nose Sniffs Out Toxic Gases
• Sex Talk Revelations Of The Lonely Y Chromosome: Communication Between Male And Female Occurs In Our Innermost Beings
• How Photon Echoes Can Be Used To Create A Quantum Memory Device
• Drug Delivery System Using Nanoparticles And Lasers Developed
• Wireless Sensor Systems Enable A Better Sleep
• 'Watchful Waiting' Is A Viable Option For Prostate Cancer Patients With Low-risk Tumors, Study Finds
• New Carbon Dioxide Data Helps Unlock The Secrets Of Antarctic Formation
• Evaluating Health And Environmental Risks From Nanotechnology: When Nano May Not Be Nano
• Second-hand Smoking Results In Liver Disease, Study Finds
• Cancer Drug May Improve Memory In Alzheimer's Patients
• Prototype Method Detects And Measures Elusive Hazards -- From Concealed Explosives To Toxins
• Overdiagnosis Since Introduction Of Prostate Cancer Screening
• Hot And Cold Moves Of Cyanide And Water: Temperature Determines Which Molecule Rocks Out
• Does The Distance A Patient Has To Travel Affect Where They Choose To Get Their Care?
• Flash Recovery Of Ammonoids After Most Massive Extinction Of All Time
• Tuberculosis Treatment May Be Shortened
• Oil And Wildlife Don't Mix In Ecuador's Eden
• Improvement Of Liver Stem Cell Engraftment By Protein Delivery
• Boron-based Compounds Trick A Biomedical Protein
• What Makes A Great Soccer Player?
• How Stem Cells Make Skin
• Minimally Invasive Treatment Found Effective For Esophageal Cancer
• New NIST Trace Explosives Standard Slated For Homeland Security Duty
• Metabolic Bone Disease In Cirrhosis Patients
• Golf Course Putting Greens Show Their Age: Researchers Seek To Maintain Healthy Greens, Reduce Construction Costs
• Care-seeking Behavior Associated With 'Upper-GI Symptoms'

Giant Stone-age Axes Found In African Lake Basin Posted: 14 Sep 2009 11:00 AM PDT A giant African lake basin is providing information about possible migration routes and hunting practices of early humans in the Middle and Late Stone Age periods, between 150,000 and 10,000 years ago. Researchers have documented thousands of stone tools on the lake bed, which sheds new light on how humans in Africa adapted to several substantial climate change events during the period that coincided with the last Ice Age in Europe.

Master Gene That Switches On Disease-fighting Cells Identified By Scientists Posted: 14 Sep 2009 11:00 AM PDT The master gene that causes blood stem cells to turn into disease-fighting "natural killer" immune cells has been identified. The discovery could one day help scientists boost the body's production of these frontline tumor-killing cells, creating new ways to treat cancer.

Opto-electronic Nose Sniffs Out Toxic Gases Posted: 14 Sep 2009 11:00 AM PDT Imagine a polka-dotted postage stamp that can sniff out poisonous gases or deadly toxins simply by changing colors. Scientists have just developed an artificial nose for the general detection of toxic industrial chemicals that is simple, fast and inexpensive -- and works by visualizing odors.

Sex Talk Revelations Of The Lonely Y Chromosome: Communication Between Male And Female Occurs In Our Innermost Beings Posted: 14 Sep 2009 11:00 AM PDT New findings reveal for the first time that the male and female do truly communicate -- at least at the fundamental genetic level.

How Photon Echoes Can Be Used To Create A Quantum Memory Device Posted: 14 Sep 2009 08:00 AM PDT A new way of storing and 'echoing' pulses of light has been discovered by a team from Australia, allowing bursts of laser to work as a flexible optical memory and potentially assist in extending the range of quantum information systems.

Drug Delivery System Using Nanoparticles And Lasers Developed Posted: 14 Sep 2009 08:00 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new way to deliver drugs into cancer cells by exposing them briefly to a non-harmful laser.

Wireless Sensor Systems Enable A Better Sleep Posted: 14 Sep 2009 08:00 AM PDT Researchers have recently presented the clinical validation of a wireless sleep staging system. The miniaturized wireless system allows patients to wear the device in the comfort of their home, thus enabling early screening of abnormal sleep profiles outside clinics.

'Watchful Waiting' Is A Viable Option For Prostate Cancer Patients With Low-risk Tumors, Study Finds Posted: 14 Sep 2009 08:00 AM PDT Appropriately selected prostate cancer patients, including older men and men with small, low-risk tumors, may safely defer treatment for many years with no adverse consequences, according to a new study.

New Carbon Dioxide Data Helps Unlock The Secrets Of Antarctic Formation Posted: 14 Sep 2009 08:00 AM PDT The link between declining carbon dioxide levels in the earth's atmosphere and the formation of the Antarctic ice caps some 34 million years ago has been confirmed for the first time in a major research study.

Evaluating Health And Environmental Risks From Nanotechnology: When Nano May Not Be Nano Posted: 14 Sep 2009 08:00 AM PDT Researchers argue for a new look at the way nanoparticles are selected when studying the potential impacts on human health and the environment.

Second-hand Smoking Results In Liver Disease, Study Finds Posted: 14 Sep 2009 05:00 AM PDT Scientists have found that even second-hand tobacco smoke exposure can result in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a common disease in which fat accumulates in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol. The researchers found fat accumulated in liver cells of mice exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke for a year in the lab. Such fat buildup is a sign of NAFLD, leading eventually to liver dysfunction.

Cancer Drug May Improve Memory In Alzheimer's Patients Posted: 14 Sep 2009 05:00 AM PDT A drug now used to treat cancer may also be able to restore memory deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease, according to a new study.

Prototype Method Detects And Measures Elusive Hazards -- From Concealed Explosives To Toxins Posted: 14 Sep 2009 05:00 AM PDT A chemist has demonstrated a relatively simple, inexpensive method for detecting and measuring elusive hazards such as concealed explosives and toxins, invisible spoilage in food or pesticides distributed in soil by wind and rain.

Overdiagnosis Since Introduction Of Prostate Cancer Screening Posted: 14 Sep 2009 05:00 AM PDT The introduction of prostate-antigen screening, or PSA, has resulted in over one million additional men over the last 23 years being diagnosed and treated for prostate cancer -- most of whom were likely overdiagnosed, researchers reported in a new study.

Hot And Cold Moves Of Cyanide And Water: Temperature Determines Which Molecule Rocks Out Posted: 14 Sep 2009 05:00 AM PDT Scientists have long known that molecules dance about as the temperature rises, but now researchers know the exact steps that water takes with a certain molecule. Results with small, electrically charged cyanide ions and water molecules reveal that water zips around ions to a greater extent than expected. The findings improve our understanding of a chemical interaction important in environmental and atmospheric sciences.

Does The Distance A Patient Has To Travel Affect Where They Choose To Get Their Care? Posted: 14 Sep 2009 05:00 AM PDT Do patients choose where to get their care based on how long it takes to them to get there? Researchers have recently documented a growing trend in the centralization of cancer surgery -- more patients seeking care at high volume centers, which are generally located in metropolitan areas.

Flash Recovery Of Ammonoids After Most Massive Extinction Of All Time Posted: 14 Sep 2009 02:00 AM PDT After the End-Permian extinction 250 million years ago, ammonoids diversified and recovered 10 to 30 times faster than previous estimates. The surprising discovery raises questions about paleontologists' understanding of the dynamics of evolution of species and the functioning of the biosphere after a mass extinction.

Tuberculosis Treatment May Be Shortened Posted: 14 Sep 2009 02:00 AM PDT It may be possible to shorten the duration of treatment for tuberculosis. Due to the long duration of treatment, not every patient sees it through. Partly because of this, tuberculosis is one of the most lethal diseases in developing countries.

Oil And Wildlife Don't Mix In Ecuador's Eden Posted: 14 Sep 2009 02:00 AM PDT What harm can a simple road do in a pristine place such as Ecuador's Yasuni National Park, home to peccaries, tapirs, monkeys and myriad other wildlife species? A great deal, it turns out. Specifically, it can turn subsistence communities into commercial hunting camps that empty rainforests of their wildlife, researchers have found.

Improvement Of Liver Stem Cell Engraftment By Protein Delivery Posted: 14 Sep 2009 02:00 AM PDT Researchers have engineered a chimeric protein that increases cell survival, migration and proliferation to improve stem cell engraftment. The results show that TAT-Tpr-Met, a cell permeable form of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor can increase the number of hepatic stem cells integrated into the liver of the mouse.

Boron-based Compounds Trick A Biomedical Protein Posted: 14 Sep 2009 02:00 AM PDT Chemists and biologists have successfully demonstrated that specially synthesized boron compounds are readily accepted in biologically active enzymes, a move that, they say, is a proof of concept that could lead to new drug design strategies.

What Makes A Great Soccer Player? Posted: 14 Sep 2009 02:00 AM PDT Scientists are studying footballing ability (soccer ability) to gain insight into the role that skill plays in the physical performance of vertebrates. The results show that skill is as important, if not more important, than athletic ability. The study also suggests a scientific method that could help professional football clubs in the selection and identification of new talent.

How Stem Cells Make Skin Posted: 13 Sep 2009 11:00 PM PDT Scientists have discovered two proteins that control when and how stem cells switch to being skin cells. The findings shed light on the basic mechanisms involved not only in formation of skin, but also on skin cancer and other epithelial cancers.

Minimally Invasive Treatment Found Effective For Esophageal Cancer Posted: 13 Sep 2009 11:00 PM PDT Researchers have found that early stage cancers of the esophagus can be treated as effectively by less invasive, organ-sparing endoscopic therapy as compared to more complex surgical removal of the esophagus.

New NIST Trace Explosives Standard Slated For Homeland Security Duty Posted: 13 Sep 2009 11:00 PM PDT NIST researchers have developed a new reference material to use in calibrating and testing trace-explosives detectors like those used at airports.

Metabolic Bone Disease In Cirrhosis Patients Posted: 13 Sep 2009 11:00 PM PDT A research team from India identified the risk factors for metabolic bone disease in cirrhosis patients. They found that Patients with cirrhosis have low bone mineral density. The possible risk factors are reduced physical activity, low lean body mass, vitamin D deficiency and hypogonadism and low IGF-1 level.

Golf Course Putting Greens Show Their Age: Researchers Seek To Maintain Healthy Greens, Reduce Construction Costs Posted: 13 Sep 2009 11:00 PM PDT Just like the rest of us, golf courses show their age -- especially on putting greens, which experience more foot traffic than anywhere else on golf courses. Putting greens, which comprise 1.6 percent of the total area on most courses, require more intensive management than any other part of the course. To keep putting greens in top form, turfgrass experts study ways to provide proper nutrients to the root zone, a critical area for maintaining healthy turf.

Care-seeking Behavior Associated With 'Upper-GI Symptoms' Posted: 13 Sep 2009 11:00 PM PDT Patients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) complaints visit their general practitioner more often than patients with other conditions. Researchers found that people with dyspepsia, heartburn, epigastric discomfort and other upper-abdominal complaints had almost twice as many GP contacts, which were ultimately associated with problems in all organ systems. These patients were twice as frequently referred to specialist care and received twice as many prescriptions.

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