ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Fast pace of glacier melt in the 1940s: lower aerosol pollution
• New research could advance research field critical to personalized medicine
• New molecule identified in DNA damage response
• The cancer 'TRAP': protein may prevent cancer cell death
• Window opens into Moon's past volcanism
• Student sleuths using DNA reveal zoo of 95 species in NYC homes -- and new evidence of food fraud
• Quelling Casimir: Scientists to control quantum mechanical force
• Mutation leads to new and severe form of bacterial disease
• Protein link may be key to new treatment for aggressive brain tumor
• New suppressor of common liver cancer
• Northern South America rainier during Little Ice Age
• Obesity epidemic taking root in Africa
• Keeping hepatitis C virus at bay after a liver transplant
• Biofilms: Researchers discover new ways to treat chronic infections
• Genetic link to heart failure
• 'Land Grabs' For Rice Production Due To Supply Threats
• Influenza in Africa should not be ignored, researchers urge
• Restless leg syndrome linked to erectile dysfunction in older men
• Earlier bedtimes may help protect adolescents against depression and suicidal thoughts
• A facial expression is worth a thousand words
• NEDD9 Protein Supports Growth Of Aggressive Breast Cancer
• Drunk walking makes New Year's the deadliest day of the year for pedestrians
• New Function For The Protein Bcl-xL: It Prevents Bone Breakdown
• Springtime sheep grazing helps control leafy spurge
• Partners sculpt each other to achieve their ideal selves: If successful, relationship goes well
• Ophthalmologist calls for caution when popping bottles of bubbly this holiday season

Fast pace of glacier melt in the 1940s: lower aerosol pollution Posted: 01 Jan 2010 02:00 PM PST In the 1940s Swiss glaciers were melting at an even-faster pace than at present, according to new research. This is despite the fact that the temperatures in the 20th century were lower than in this century. Researchers see the main reason for this as the lower level of aerosol pollution in the atmosphere.

New research could advance research field critical to personalized medicine Posted: 01 Jan 2010 02:00 PM PST It's the ultimate goal in the treatment of cancer: tailoring a person's therapy based on his or her genetic makeup. While a lofty goal, scientists are steadily moving forward, rapidly exploiting new technologies. Researchers report a significant advance in this field of research using a new chip that looks for hundreds of mutations in dozen of genes.

New molecule identified in DNA damage response Posted: 01 Jan 2010 02:00 PM PST In the harsh judgment of natural selection, the ultimate measure of success is reproduction. So it's no surprise that life spends lavish resources on this feat, whether in the courtship behavior of birds and bees or replicating the cells that keep them alive. Now research has identified a new piece in an elaborate system to help guarantee fidelity in the reproduction of cells, preventing potentially lethal mutations in the process.

The cancer 'TRAP': protein may prevent cancer cell death Posted: 01 Jan 2010 02:00 PM PST New research suggests that TNF-receptor associated protein-1 (TRAP-1) may prevent cancer cell death.

Window opens into Moon's past volcanism Posted: 01 Jan 2010 02:00 PM PST Lava tubes, underground cave-like channels through which lava once flowed, are commonly found on Earth. Scientists have debated whether these tubes could form on the Moon as well, but no studies have yet conclusively identified features that indicate the presence of lunar lava tubes.

Student sleuths using DNA reveal zoo of 95 species in NYC homes -- and new evidence of food fraud Posted: 01 Jan 2010 02:00 PM PST Two New York City high school students exploring their homes using the latest high-tech DNA analysis techniques discover a veritable zoo of 95 animal species surrounding them, in everything from fridges to furniture, from sidewalks to shipping boxes, and from feather dusters to floor corners.

Quelling Casimir: Scientists to control quantum mechanical force Posted: 01 Jan 2010 08:00 AM PST Scientists are developing a way to control the Casimir force, a quantum mechanical force that attracts objects when they are only hundred nanometers apart.

Mutation leads to new and severe form of bacterial disease Posted: 01 Jan 2010 08:00 AM PST Fighting an illness is not just about fighting the bacteria or viruses that cause it, it also has to do with your genes. Scientists have now identified a gene mutation that makes children susceptible to a severe form of mycobacterial disease, any disease caused by species of Mycobacterium such as tuberculosis and leprosy. The mutation represents a new layer of disease severity in children who lack a vital disease-fighting component from their immune system.

Protein link may be key to new treatment for aggressive brain tumor Posted: 01 Jan 2010 08:00 AM PST Biomedical researchers have found a protein that could hold the key to treating one of the most common and aggressive brain tumors in adults. Glioblastoma multiforme, the type of malignant brain tumor that killed the late US Sen. Edward Kennedy, is difficult to treat because it spreads cancerous cells to other parts of the brain very quickly. About 10,000 cases are diagnosed in the United States each year.

New suppressor of common liver cancer Posted: 01 Jan 2010 08:00 AM PST Tumor suppressor genes make proteins that help control cell growth. Mutations in these genes that generate nonfunctional proteins can contribute to tumor development and progression. One of the most well-known tumor suppressor genes is BRACA1, mutations in which are linked to breast cancer. Researchers have now identified SCARA5 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma, a form of liver cancer that is the fifth most common cancer worldwide

Northern South America rainier during Little Ice Age Posted: 01 Jan 2010 08:00 AM PST During the Little Ice Age (LIA; covering approximately the fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries), northern South America experienced about 10 percent more rainfall than during the twentieth century, according to researchers.

Obesity epidemic taking root in Africa Posted: 01 Jan 2010 08:00 AM PST The urban poor in sub-Saharan Africa are the latest victims of the obesity epidemic. Researchers claim that overweight and obesity are on the increase among this group.

Keeping hepatitis C virus at bay after a liver transplant Posted: 01 Jan 2010 02:00 AM PST Individuals infected with hepatitis C virus who receive a liver transplant find that their new liver becomes infected with HCV almost immediately. However, researcher in Japan have developed an approach that transiently keeps HCV levels down in most treated HCV-infected patients receiving a new liver.

Biofilms: Researchers discover new ways to treat chronic infections Posted: 01 Jan 2010 02:00 AM PST Researchers have identified three key regulators required for the formation and development of biofilms. The discovery could lead to new ways of treating chronic infections.

Genetic link to heart failure Posted: 01 Jan 2010 02:00 AM PST New research has identified a group of 12 genetic variants in the HSPB7 gene that is associated with heart failure in humans.

'Land Grabs' For Rice Production Due To Supply Threats Posted: 01 Jan 2010 02:00 AM PST Recent interest in "land grabs" or the international acquisition of land to produce rice is sparked by a looming threat of inadequate rice supplies.

Influenza in Africa should not be ignored, researchers urge Posted: 01 Jan 2010 02:00 AM PST Influenza is circulating in Africa, but virtually no information or attention is evident, according to a new article.

Restless leg syndrome linked to erectile dysfunction in older men Posted: 31 Dec 2009 09:00 PM PST A new study shows that erectile dysfunction was more common in older men with restless leg syndrome (RLS) than in those without RLS, and the magnitude of this association increased with a higher frequency of RLS symptoms.

Earlier bedtimes may help protect adolescents against depression and suicidal thoughts Posted: 31 Dec 2009 09:00 PM PST New research finds that adolescents with bedtimes that were set earlier by parents were significantly less likely to suffer from depression and to think about committing suicide, suggesting that earlier bedtimes could have a protective effect by lengthening sleep duration and increasing the likelihood of getting enough sleep.

A facial expression is worth a thousand words Posted: 31 Dec 2009 05:00 PM PST Moving pictures are more suitable to interpret the mood of a person than a static photograph. Communication is a central aspect of everyday life, a fact that is reflected in the wide variety of ways that people exchange information, not only with words, but also using their face and body. Scientists have now found out that we are able to recognize facial expressions in motion far better than in a static photograph. The video sequence needs to be at least as long as one tenth of a second to gain this dynamic advantage.

NEDD9 Protein Supports Growth Of Aggressive Breast Cancer Posted: 31 Dec 2009 05:00 PM PST Researchers have demonstrated that a protein called NEDD9 may be required for some of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer to grow. According to the researchers, the protein could serve as a clinical biomarker to indicate the presence of aggressive forms of breast cancer. NEDD9 may also provide a target for some future therapeutic against metastatic cancer.

Drunk walking makes New Year's the deadliest day of the year for pedestrians Posted: 31 Dec 2009 05:00 PM PST This is the time of the holiday season when New Year's partiers are inundated with warnings about the risks of drinking and driving. Little is ever heard, though, about the risks of drinking and walking, which can be just as dangerous.

New Function For The Protein Bcl-xL: It Prevents Bone Breakdown Posted: 31 Dec 2009 05:00 PM PST In blood cells, the protein Bcl-xL has a well-characterized role in preventing cell death by a process known as apoptosis. New research has now identified its functions in osteoclasts, cells that slowly breakdown bone (a process known as resorption). Surprisingly, not only does Bcl-xL prevent osteoclast apoptosis in mice, it also negatively regulates the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts.

Springtime sheep grazing helps control leafy spurge Posted: 31 Dec 2009 05:00 PM PST Using sheep to control leafy spurge works best if it's done in the spring every year, according to a new study.

Partners sculpt each other to achieve their ideal selves: If successful, relationship goes well Posted: 31 Dec 2009 05:00 PM PST Is that really Bob? You've seen him hundreds of mornings for the last 10 years at local coffee shops. Since he started dating Sara, he looks you in the eye -- and smiles. Sara takes every opportunity to let coffee shop cronies know that Bob is her guy and to gush about how funny he is. And he is. Who knew? Think of Sara like Michelangelo chipping away at a block of marble to release the ideal figure slumbering within. To the degree that the sculpting process has gone well, that she has helped mold Bob toward his ideal self, the relationship functions better and both partners are happier, according to new research. Conversely, a relationship can run into trouble when an individual emphasizes attributes that are peripheral to the core elements of what a partner ideally wishes to become.

Ophthalmologist calls for caution when popping bottles of bubbly this holiday season Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST For many, celebrating the holidays calls for a champagne toast. But for some people popping a bottle of bubbly can be dangerous to your health.

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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Champagne is good for your heart, study suggests -- but only in moderation
• Putting limits on vitamin E
• Looking back in time 12 billion years with new instruments on Herschel Space Observatory
• Treating alcohol-use disorders and tuberculosis together
• Moving video to 'captcha' robot hackers
• Young hunters most likely to be injured using tree stands
• Children more likely to catch swine flu, says new research
• Short-term school closures may worsen flu pandemics
• Chinese-American and Korean-American women at highest risk for diabetes in pregnancy
• Engineered tobacco plants have more potential as a biofuel
• Scientists develop technique to determine ethnic origin of stem cell lines
• Marseillevirus -- a new member of the giant viruses
• Small molecules found to protect cells in multiple models of Parkinson's disease
• New RNA interference technique can silence up to five genes
• Weakened Plasmodium generates protective immunity
• Permafrost thaw may accelerate Arctic groundwater runoff
• Secrets of duck sex revealed: It's all screwed up
• No rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide fraction in past 160 years, new research finds
• New tool in the fight against mosquito-borne disease: A microbial 'mosquito net'
• Body's own veins provide superior material for aortic grafts
• Imaging tests identify role of allergies in chronic sinus disease
• How much ice needed to create Martian land formations?
• Addictive effects of caffeine on kids being studied
• Natural variability led to extra-cold 2008, research finds
• Gene increases effectiveness of drugs used to fight cancer and allows reduction in dosage
• New video reveals secrets of Webb Telescope's MIRI
• Widely used device for pain therapy not recommended for chronic low back pain
• Saturn's auroral hiss is asymmetrical
• Consumers choose locally grown and environmentally friendly apples
• Severity of H1N1 influenza linked to presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Discovery of new function of prion protein improves understanding of epilepsy
• Handful of iron beads offer clues to solve mystery of ancient iron forges
• Why diseased heart muscle cells don't communicate properly
• Continental roots stress Earth's surface
• Children who lack continuity with a regular health care provider miss needed services

Champagne is good for your heart, study suggests -- but only in moderation Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Research from the UK suggests that two glasses of champagne a day may be good for your heart and circulation. The researchers have found that drinking champagne wine daily in moderate amounts causes improvements in the way blood vessels function.

Putting limits on vitamin E Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Scientists have done the most comprehensive and accurate study of clinical data on vitamin E use and heart disease to date, and it warns that indiscriminate use of high-dose vitamin E supplementation does more harm than good.

Looking back in time 12 billion years with new instruments on Herschel Space Observatory Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Astronomers have made the most detailed views yet of space up to 12 billion years back in time.

Treating alcohol-use disorders and tuberculosis together Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Treatment for alcohol use disorders and tuberculosis (TB) is rarely integrated, even though the two diseases have a high co-occurrence. American and Russian researchers have jointly designed and are monitoring an innovative program that will deliver alcohol treatment as part of routine TB care. The trial study is continuing.

Moving video to 'captcha' robot hackers Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Researchers have developed a synthesis technique that generates moving pictures of 3-D objects which will allow security developers to generate an infinite number of "emergence" images virtually impossible for any computer algorithm to decode.

Young hunters most likely to be injured using tree stands Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Young hunters between the ages of 15 and 34 are the most likely to suffer serious injuries in tree stand-related incidents, say researchers. The same researchers' findings, though, suggest that such injuries are preventable.

Children more likely to catch swine flu, says new research Posted: 31 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Young people aged under 18 years are more likely than adults to catch swine flu from an infected person in their household, according to a new study. However, the research also shows that young people are no more likely than adults to infect others with the pandemic H1N1 virus.

Short-term school closures may worsen flu pandemics Posted: 31 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Closing schools for less than two weeks during a flu pandemic may increase infection rates and prolong an epidemic. The findings, developed from a series of computer simulations based on U.S. census data, indicate that schools may need to be closed for at least eight weeks in order to significantly decrease the spread of infection.

Chinese-American and Korean-American women at highest risk for diabetes in pregnancy Posted: 31 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST A new study found more than 10 percent of women of Chinese and Korean heritage may be at risk for developing diabetes during pregnancy. The first of its kind, the 10-year study of 16,757 women and 22,110 pregnancies in Hawaii found that Chinese-American and Korean-American women's gestational diabetes risk is one-third higher than average -- and more than double that of Caucasian and African-American women.

Engineered tobacco plants have more potential as a biofuel Posted: 31 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Researchers have identified a way to increase the oil in tobacco plant leaves, which may be the next step in using the plants for biofuel.

Scientists develop technique to determine ethnic origin of stem cell lines Posted: 31 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Scientists have developed a straightforward technique to determine the ethnic origin of stem cells. The team's analysis of a variety of human embryonic stem cell lines currently in use in research laboratories around the world found that these cells originated largely from Caucasian and East Asian populations, with little representation from populations originating in Africa.

Marseillevirus -- a new member of the giant viruses Posted: 31 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST After Mimivirus, Mamavirus and the virophage, the group of giant viruses now has a new member called Marseillevirus. The new virus was discovered in an amoeba by a team of French researchers. Their findings suggest the exchange of genes in amoebae that may lead to the constitution of different gene repertoires that could be a source of new pathogens.

Small molecules found to protect cells in multiple models of Parkinson's disease Posted: 31 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Several structurally similar small molecules appear capable of protecting cells from alpha-synuclein toxicity, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity, and slowed movements. There is currently no cure for the disease, and current Parkinson's therapies only address disease symptoms, not the disease's cellular cause.

New RNA interference technique can silence up to five genes Posted: 31 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Researchers report that they have successfully used RNA interference to turn off multiple genes in the livers of mice, an advance that could lead to new treatments for diseases of the liver and other organs.

Weakened Plasmodium generates protective immunity Posted: 31 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Researchers have found that weakened Plasmodium elicits a protective immune response.

Permafrost thaw may accelerate Arctic groundwater runoff Posted: 31 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST As the Arctic warms, permafrost will degrade, potentially resulting in increased groundwater runoff as frozen ground that had blocked the flow of water melts. To investigate how groundwater systems will evolve as surface temperatures rise, researchers have developed a model to simulate an idealized aquifer covered by a layer of permafrost.

Secrets of duck sex revealed: It's all screwed up Posted: 31 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Female ducks have evolved an intriguing way to avoid becoming impregnated by undesirable but aggressive males endowed with large corkscrew-shaped penises: vaginas with clockwise spirals that thwart oppositely spiraled males.

No rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide fraction in past 160 years, new research finds Posted: 31 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Most of the carbon dioxide emitted by human activity does not remain in the atmosphere, but is instead absorbed by the oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. However, some studies have suggested that the ability of oceans and plants to absorb carbon dioxide recently may have begun to decline and that the airborne fraction of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is therefore beginning to increase. In contradiction to those studies, new research finds that the airborne fraction of carbon dioxide has not increased either during the past 150 years or during the most recent five decades.

New tool in the fight against mosquito-borne disease: A microbial 'mosquito net' Posted: 31 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Earlier this year, researchers showed that they could cut the lives of disease-carrying mosquitoes in half by infecting them with a bacterium they took from fruit flies. Now, a new report suggests that their strategy might do one better: The Wolbachia bacteria also makes the mosquitoes more resistant to infection by viruses that are a growing threat to humans, including those responsible for dengue fever and Chikungunya.

Body's own veins provide superior material for aortic grafts Posted: 31 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST A vascular surgical technique designed to replace infected aortic grafts with the body's own veins has proved more durable and less prone to new infection than similar procedures using synthetic and cadaver grafts.

Imaging tests identify role of allergies in chronic sinus disease Posted: 31 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Exposing patients with chronic sinus disease to allergens and then obtaining repeated images by X-ray or ultrasound reveals that nasal allergies may be involved in some cases of chronic sinus disease, according to a new study.

How much ice needed to create Martian land formations? Posted: 31 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Some land formations on Mars suggest the presence of water ice. These features could have been created by viscous creep of ice below the surface in Martian permafrost. To determine how much ice would be needed to form the observed topography on Mars, researchers conducted laboratory experiments to simulate the frozen Martian sand.

Addictive effects of caffeine on kids being studied Posted: 31 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Caffeine is a stimulant drug, although legal, and adults use it widely to perk themselves up: Being "addicted" to caffeine is considered perfectly normal. But how strong is caffeine's appeal in young people who consume an abundance of soft drinks? What impact does acute and chronic caffeine consumption have on their blood pressure, heart rate and hand tremor? Furthermore, does consuming caffeinated drinks during adolescence contribute to later use of legal or illicit drugs?

Natural variability led to extra-cold 2008, research finds Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST An especially cold year in North America in 2008 led some members of the public and the media to question the scientific consensus on human-induced global warming. In addition, the cool global temperatures during the past decade may appear to contrast with the warming expected due to human influence. New research finds that the anthropogenic forcing in 2008 did contribute to temperatures warmer than would otherwise have occurred but that those human-induced effects were overwhelmed by a particularly strong bout of natural cooling.

Gene increases effectiveness of drugs used to fight cancer and allows reduction in dosage Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST The gene in question is a suicide gene, called "gene E," which leads to the death of tumor cells derived from breast, lung and colon cancer, and prevents their growth. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery show "limited" results in advanced stages of cancer, so the kind of gene therapy proposed by the scientists of the UGR is a huge breakthrough in cancer treatment.

New video reveals secrets of Webb Telescope's MIRI Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST It's going to take infrared eyes to see farther back in time than even the Hubble Space Telescope, and that's what the James Webb Space Telescope's MIRI or Mid-Infrared Instrument detectors will do.

Widely used device for pain therapy not recommended for chronic low back pain Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST A new guideline issued by the American Academy of Neurology finds that transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, a widely used pain therapy involving a portable device, is not recommended to treat chronic low-back pain -- pain that has persisted for three months or longer -- because research shows it is not effective.

Saturn's auroral hiss is asymmetrical Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Saturn emits "auroral hiss," a whistler-mode electromagnetic emission observed in the magnetosphere at high latitudes. This emission is similar to auroral hiss emitted by Earth. However, unlike Earth's auroral hiss, researchers have found that Saturn rotates in a beam-like matter around the planet.

Consumers choose locally grown and environmentally friendly apples Posted: 31 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST When asked to compare apples to apples, consumers said they would pay more for locally grown apples than genetically modified (GMO) apples. But in a second questionnaire consumers preferred GMO apples -- that is, when they were described, not as GMO, but as having a Reduced Environmental Impact. The research demonstrated that product labeling makes a difference when it comes to consumer acceptance.

Severity of H1N1 influenza linked to presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae Posted: 30 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST The presence of the Streptococcus pneumoniae in samples that can be easily obtained in clinics and emergency rooms may predict risk of severe disease in H1N1 pandemic influenza. Reports that H1N1 pandemic influenza in Argentina was associated with higher morbidity and mortality than in other countries led investigators in the Center for Infection and Immunity at the Mailman School of Public Health to look for viral mutations indicative of increased virulence and for co-infections that could contribute to disease.

Discovery of new function of prion protein improves understanding of epilepsy Posted: 30 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Cellular prion protein (PrPc) plays an essential role in maintaining neurotransmitter homeostasis in the central nervous system. This discovery has been made possible by the observation that both a deficiency and an excess of the protein have a considerable effect on this homeostasis. Surprisingly, in both cases, the central nervous excitability threshold is altered to such an extent that an epileptic seizure may result. Thanks to this discovery, researchers now have more tools at our disposal that can help deepen our basic understanding of epilepsy.

Handful of iron beads offer clues to solve mystery of ancient iron forges Posted: 30 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST When archaeologist Ruth Iren Øien noticed a cluster of tiny iron beads in the ground, she knew she was onto something. She did not know, however, that her team had stumbled upon Scandinavia's oldest and most complex group of iron forges.

Why diseased heart muscle cells don't communicate properly Posted: 30 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST The heartbeat is controlled by rapid conduction of an electrical current between heart muscle cells. Central to passage of the electrical current are structures known as gap junctions, low resistance conduits that link heart muscle cells and consist of proteins known as connexins.

Continental roots stress Earth's surface Posted: 30 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST The Earth's rigid lithosphere varies laterally in thickness and strength. Areas of thicker, older lithosphere known as continental roots penetrate deeper into the mantle in some places under continents. Because these continental roots are in contact with deeper, more viscous mantle, the shear traction at the base of the lithosphere in those areas is increased by up to a factor of 4 compared with a model lithosphere without continental roots.

Children who lack continuity with a regular health care provider miss needed services Posted: 30 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Low-income children who don't access health care from the same place or provider over the long term are significantly more likely to have unmet health care needs compared with those do, according to a new study.

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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Researchers demonstrate nanoscale X-ray imaging of bacterial cells
• Rapid flu testing
• New acoustic tools may reduce ship strikes on whales
• Cardiovascular devices often approved by FDA without high-quality studies, study suggests
• 'Spaghetti' Scaffolding Could Help Grow Skin In Labs
• Why powerful people -- many of whom take a moral high ground -- don't practice what they preach
• Transcription factors guide differences in human and chimp brain function
• New target for lymphoma therapy
• Dominant Chemical That Attracts Mosquitoes To Humans Identified
• Obesity May Hinder Optimal Control Of Blood Pressure And Cholesterol
• Heme channel found: shuttles vital but vulnerable heme molecule across biological membranes
• Fish with attitude: Some like it hot
• Evolution experiments with flowers
• Scientists discover a controller of brain circuitry
• Mobilizing the repair squad: Critical protein helps mend damaged DNA
• Aerobic Exercise No Big Stretch For Older Adults But Helps Elasticity Of Arteries
• Learning From Insects: The Race Is On For New 'Bio-Resources'
• Acupuncture reduces hot flashes, improves sex drive for breast cancer patients
• Born in beauty: Proplyds in the Orion Nebula
• Ginkgo biloba does not appear to slow rate of cognitive decline
• Nanoscale changes in collagen are a tipoff to bone health
• What Part Do Relapses Play In Severe Disability For People With MS?
• Mapping Nutrient Distributions Over The Atlantic Ocean
• Energy Gap Useful Tool For Successful Weight Loss Maintenance Strategy
• Brain scans show distinctive patterns in people with generalized anxiety disorder
• Common mechanism underlies many diseases of excitability
• Drought Resistance Explained: Protein Structure Reveals How Plants Respond To Water Shortages
• New Genetic Cause Of A Fatal Immune Disorder
• Perfectly Proportioned: Evenly Distributed Powder Density For Manufacturing Parts
• Couples Say Relationships Damaged By Stroke
• Lithium-air batteries could displace gasoline in future cars

Researchers demonstrate nanoscale X-ray imaging of bacterial cells Posted: 30 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST An ultra-high-resolution imaging technique using X-ray diffraction is a step closer to fulfilling its promise as a window on nanometer-scale structures in biological samples. Researchers report progress in applying an approach to "lensless" X-ray microscopy that they introduced one year ago, with the potential to yield insights for evolutionary biology and biotechnology. They have produced the first images, using this technique, of biological cells -- specifically the intriguing polyextremophile Deinococcus radiourans.

Rapid flu testing Posted: 30 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Researchers have developed a rapid, automated system to differentiate strains of influenza.

New acoustic tools may reduce ship strikes on whales Posted: 30 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Over the past decade, researchers have developed a variety of reliable real-time and archival instruments to study sounds made or heard by marine mammals and fish. These new sensors are now being used in research, management and conservation projects around the world with some very important practical results. Among them is improved monitoring of endangered North Atlantic right whales in an effort to reduce ship strikes, a leading cause of their deaths.

Cardiovascular devices often approved by FDA without high-quality studies, study suggests Posted: 30 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Pre-market approval by the FDA of cardiovascular devices is often based on studies that lack adequate strength or may have been prone to bias, according to a new study. Researchers found that of nearly 80 high-risk devices, the majority received approval based on data from a single study.

'Spaghetti' Scaffolding Could Help Grow Skin In Labs Posted: 30 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Scientists are developing new scaffolding technology which could be used to grow tissues such as skin, nerves and cartilage using 3D spaghetti-like structures.

Why powerful people -- many of whom take a moral high ground -- don't practice what they preach Posted: 30 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST The past year has been marked by a series of moral transgressions by powerful figures in political, business and celebrity circles. New research explores why powerful people -- many of whom take a moral high ground -- don't practice what they preach.

Transcription factors guide differences in human and chimp brain function Posted: 30 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Humans share at least 97 percent of their genes with chimpanzees, but, as a new study of transcription factors makes clear, what you have in your genome may be less important than how you use it.

New target for lymphoma therapy Posted: 30 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Researchers have discovered how an oncogene gets activated in mature B cells, suggesting a new target for therapy in B cell lymphomas. The study marks the first time researchers have understood how the over-activation of c-myc can lead to blood-related cancers.

Dominant Chemical That Attracts Mosquitoes To Humans Identified Posted: 30 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Scientists have identified the dominant odor naturally produced in humans and birds that attracts the blood-feeding Culex mosquitoes, which transmits West Nile virus and other life-threatening diseases. The groundbreaking research explains why mosquitoes shifted hosts from birds to humans and paves the way for key developments in mosquito and disease control.

Obesity May Hinder Optimal Control Of Blood Pressure And Cholesterol Posted: 30 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Obese patients taking medications to lower their blood pressure and cholesterol levels are less likely to reach recommended targets for these cardiovascular disease risk factors than their normal weight counterparts, according to new research.

Heme channel found: shuttles vital but vulnerable heme molecule across biological membranes Posted: 30 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Heme, a crucial component of the biomachinery that squeezes energy out of food and stores it for later use, must be transported across membranes but without exposing its central iron atom to oxidation. New research shows how it is done.

Fish with attitude: Some like it hot Posted: 30 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Coral reef fish can undergo a personality change in warmer water, according to an intriguing new study suggesting that climate change may make some species more aggressive.

Evolution experiments with flowers Posted: 30 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Evolution uses every chance it gets to try something new. Researchers have now investigated how petunia flowers are formed and discovered that nature is even more varied than the naked eye can spot. The genes involved in flower formation can function differently in different species. Evolution has discovered a system that works, but within that system it continues to innovate.

Scientists discover a controller of brain circuitry Posted: 30 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST By combining a research technique that dates back 136 years with modern molecular genetics, a neuroscientist has been able to see how a mammal's brain shrewdly revisits and reuses the same molecular cues to control the complex design of its circuits.

Mobilizing the repair squad: Critical protein helps mend damaged DNA Posted: 30 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST In order to preserve our DNA, cells have developed an intricate system for monitoring and repairing DNA damage. Yet precisely how the initial damage signal is converted into a repair response remains unclear. Researchers have now solved a crucial piece of the complex puzzle.

Aerobic Exercise No Big Stretch For Older Adults But Helps Elasticity Of Arteries Posted: 30 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Just three months of physical activity reaps heart health benefits for older adults with type 2 diabetes by improving the elasticity in their arteries -- reducing risk of heart disease and stroke, researchers say.

Learning From Insects: The Race Is On For New 'Bio-Resources' Posted: 30 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Unseen and unheard, insects are all around us. And with more than a million different species, each one perfectly adapted to its environment, no other form of animal life comes close to matching insects for diversity. Scientists now want to exploit this diversity to develop and test new medicines, new methods of pest control, new industrial enzymes and even bionic systems.

Acupuncture reduces hot flashes, improves sex drive for breast cancer patients Posted: 30 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Not only is acupuncture as effective as drug therapy at reducing hot flashes in breast cancer patients, it has the added benefit of potentially increasing a woman's sex drive and improving her sense of well-being, according to a new study.

Born in beauty: Proplyds in the Orion Nebula Posted: 30 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST A collection of 30 never-before-released images of embryonic planetary systems in the Orion Nebula are the highlight of the longest single Hubble Space Telescope project ever dedicated to the topic of star and planet formation. Also known as proplyds, or protoplanetary discs, these modest blobs surrounding baby stars are shedding light on the mechanism behind planet formation.

Ginkgo biloba does not appear to slow rate of cognitive decline Posted: 30 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Older adults who used the herbal supplement Ginkgo biloba for several years did not have a slower rate of cognitive decline compared to adults who received placebo, according to a new study.

Nanoscale changes in collagen are a tipoff to bone health Posted: 30 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Using a technique that provides detailed images of nanoscale structures, researchers have discovered changes in the collagen component of bone that directly relate to bone health.

What Part Do Relapses Play In Severe Disability For People With MS? Posted: 30 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST People with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have relapses within the first five years of onset appear to have more severe disability in the short term compared to people who do not have an early relapse, according to a new study. The study is one of the first to examine how MS relapses affect people during different time periods of the disease.

Mapping Nutrient Distributions Over The Atlantic Ocean Posted: 30 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Large-scale distributions of two important nutrient pools -- dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic phosphorus have been systematically mapped for the first time over the Atlantic Ocean in a new study. The findings have important implications for understanding nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles and the biological carbon pump in the Atlantic Ocean.

Energy Gap Useful Tool For Successful Weight Loss Maintenance Strategy Posted: 30 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST The term energy gap was coined to estimate the change in energy balance (intake and expenditure) behaviors required to achieve and sustain reduced body weight outcomes in individuals and populations. In a new commentary, researchers more precisely clarify the concept of the energy gap (or energy gaps) and discuss how the concept can be properly used as a tool to help understand and address obesity.

Brain scans show distinctive patterns in people with generalized anxiety disorder Posted: 29 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Scrambled connections between the part of the brain that processes fear and emotion and other brain regions could be the hallmark of a common anxiety disorder, according to a new study. The findings could help researchers identify biological differences between types of anxiety disorders as well as such disorders as depression.

Common mechanism underlies many diseases of excitability Posted: 29 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Inherited mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels are associated with many different human diseases, including genetic forms of epilepsy and chronic pain. New research has now determined the functional consequence of three such mutations. These results suggest that there might be a common mechanism underlying diseases caused by mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels.

Drought Resistance Explained: Protein Structure Reveals How Plants Respond To Water Shortages Posted: 29 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Scientists have discovered that the key to plants' responses to drought lies in the structure of a protein called PYR1 and how it interacts with the plant hormone abscisic acid. Their study could open up new approaches to increasing crops' resistance to water shortage.

New Genetic Cause Of A Fatal Immune Disorder Posted: 29 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is an inherited, fatal, immune disorder. Disease-causing mutations have been identified in several genes. Now, researchers have added a new gene to this list by determining that two distinct mutations in the gene that generates syntaxin-binding protein 2 cause disease in a subset of patients with FHL.

Perfectly Proportioned: Evenly Distributed Powder Density For Manufacturing Parts Posted: 29 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST The manufacture of parts by compaction and sintering involves filling a die with metal powder. Research scientists have simulated this process for the first time to achieve an evenly distributed powder density. This improves the cost-efficiency of sintering.

Couples Say Relationships Damaged By Stroke Posted: 29 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Suffering a stroke can lead to significant changes in how couples relate to each other on both a physical and emotional level, according to new University of Ulster research.

Lithium-air batteries could displace gasoline in future cars Posted: 29 Dec 2009 09:00 PM PST In excess of seven million barrels of gasoline are consumed by vehicles in the United States every day. As scientists race to find environmentally sound solutions to fuel the world's ever-growing transportation needs, battery researchers are exploring the promise of lithium-air battery technology.

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• First molars provide insight into evolution of great apes, humans
• Disinfectants may promote growth of superbugs
• How calorie-restricted diets fight obesity and extend life span
• Exposure to tobacco smoke in childhood home associated with early emphysema in adulthood
• Molecular chaperone keeps bacterial proteins from slow-dancing to destruction
• Lighting can influence how wine tastes
• Superatoms mimic elements: Research gives new perspective on periodic table
• 'Fountain of youth' for stem cells?
• Mystery solved: How fine particulates are formed in the air
• Enzyme necessary for development of healthy immune system
• Divide and conquer: Splitting fluorescent protein helps image clusters in live cells
• There may be a 'party' in your genes
• Cockroaches offer inspiration for running robots
• Citrus surprise: Vitamin C boosts the reprogramming of adult cells into stem cells
• Schizophrenia mouse model should improve understanding and treatment of the disorder
• Dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR best choice for possible cardiac arrest signs
• Climate Wizard makes large databases of climate information visual, accessible
• Accurate taste perception relies on a properly functioning olfactory system
• Seeing without looking: Brain structure crucial for moving the mind's spotlight
• Alzheimer's Disease: Amyloid Precursor Protein -- Good, Bad Or Both?
• Researchers design a tool to induce controlled suicide in human cells
• Relatives of boys with sexual birth defects not at risk for testicular germ cell cancer
• Study links real-time data to flu vaccine strategies
• Modernizing the treatment of sexual dysfunction in men
• Scientists isolate new antifreeze molecule in Alaska beetle
• Afib Triggered By A Cell That Resembles A Pigment-producing Skin Cell
• Deep sea anchors for offshore installations
• RORalpha, the orchestrator of neuron protection
• Researchers develop drug information interface to save lives
• Football (soccer) fights depression
• Why some continue to eat when full: Researchers find clues
• One step closer to closure: Neuroscientists discover key to spinal cord defects
• Seeing how evolutionary mechanisms yield biological diversity
• Genetic causes identified for disturbances in lipid metabolism; implications for diabetes
• Adjusting acidity with impunity
• Couples are better able to cope with health shocks than singles, study finds

First molars provide insight into evolution of great apes, humans Posted: 29 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Scientists have gained new insights into the timing of molar emergence and its relation to growth and reproduction in apes. "We can use the same techniques to calculate ages at first molar emergence from the fossils of early hominids that just happened to die while their first molars were erupting," researchers report.

Disinfectants may promote growth of superbugs Posted: 29 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Using disinfectants could cause bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics as well as the disinfectant itself, according to new research. The findings could have important implications for how the spread of infection is managed in hospital settings.

How calorie-restricted diets fight obesity and extend life span Posted: 29 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Scientists searching for the secrets of how calorie-restricted diets increase longevity are reporting discovery of proteins in the fat cells of human volunteers that change as pounds drop off. The proteins could become markers for monitoring or boosting the effectiveness of calorie-restricted diets -- the only scientifically proven way of extending life span in animals.

Exposure to tobacco smoke in childhood home associated with early emphysema in adulthood Posted: 29 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Children regularly exposed to tobacco smoke at home were more likely to develop early emphysema in adulthood. The finding suggests that the lungs may not recover completely from the effects of early-life exposures to tobacco smoke.

Molecular chaperone keeps bacterial proteins from slow-dancing to destruction Posted: 29 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Just like teenagers at a prom, proteins are tended by chaperones whose job it is to prevent unwanted interactions among immature clients. And at the molecular level, just as at the high school gym level, it's a job that usually requires a lot of energy.

Lighting can influence how wine tastes Posted: 29 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Researchers demonstrate that the color of ambient lighting can have an effect on how a wine is judged.

Superatoms mimic elements: Research gives new perspective on periodic table Posted: 29 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Researchers have shown that certain combinations of elemental atoms have electronic signatures that mimic the electronic signatures of other elements. The findings could lead to much cheaper materials for widespread applications such as new sources of energy, methods of pollution abatement, and catalysts on which industrial nations depend heavily for chemical processing.

'Fountain of youth' for stem cells? Posted: 29 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Stems cells used for transplantation in the nervous system to provide neural regeneration are fragile, but can be kept "forever young" during implantation through the use of self-assembling nanofiber scaffolds (SAPNS), a nanotechnology application for implanting young cells. By manipulating cell density and SAPNS concentration, researchers used SAPNS as templates and guides to slow cell growth, differentiation and proliferation, thereby creating a protective nanoenvironment for a variety of neural cells destined for implantation.

Mystery solved: How fine particulates are formed in the air Posted: 29 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Particulates make us ill, and particulates affect the climate. The direct combustion of wood and other fuels is only partially responsible for producing fine particulates – the rest evolve from a variety of substances, within the atmosphere itself.

Enzyme necessary for development of healthy immune system Posted: 29 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Mice without the deoxycytidine kinase enzyme have defects in their adaptive immune system, producing very low levels of both T and B lymphocytes, the major players involved in immune response, according to a new study.

Divide and conquer: Splitting fluorescent protein helps image clusters in live cells Posted: 29 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Half a protein is better than none, and in this case, it's way better than a whole one. Researchers have discovered that dividing a particular fluorescent protein and using it as a tag is handy for analyzing the workings of live cells, particularly in the way they employ iron-sulfur clusters.

There may be a 'party' in your genes Posted: 29 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Genetics play a pivotal role in shaping how individual's identify with political parties , according to new research.

Cockroaches offer inspiration for running robots Posted: 29 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST The sight of a cockroach scurrying for cover may be nauseating, but the insect is also a biological and engineering marvel, and is providing researchers with what they call "bioinspiration" in a quest to build the world's first legged robot that is capable of running effortlessly over rough terrain.

Citrus surprise: Vitamin C boosts the reprogramming of adult cells into stem cells Posted: 29 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Famous for its antioxidant properties and role in tissue repair, vitamin C is touted as beneficial for illnesses ranging from the common cold to cancer and perhaps even for slowing the aging process. Now, a new study uncovers an unexpected new role for this natural compound: facilitating the generation of embryonic-like stem cells from adult cells.

Schizophrenia mouse model should improve understanding and treatment of the disorder Posted: 29 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Scientists have created what appears to be a schizophrenic mouse by reducing the inhibition of brain cells involved in complex reasoning and decisions about appropriate social behavior.

Dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR best choice for possible cardiac arrest signs Posted: 29 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Dispatchers should give CPR instructions to bystanders of all suspected cardiac arrest victims, researchers said. The benefit of CPR to those having a cardiac arrest far outweighs the risk of injury to those who aren't. During 9-1-1 calls, dispatchers help bystanders correctly identify patients in cardiac arrest about half the time. Of 1,700 patients studied, three who incorrectly received CPR had minor injuries linked to chest compressions.

Climate Wizard makes large databases of climate information visual, accessible Posted: 29 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST A Web tool that generates color maps of projected temperature and precipitation changes using 16 of the world's most prominent climate-change models is being demonstrated in Copenhagen, Denmark, in conjunction with the climate summit underway there. It also is the subject of a presentation Tuesday, Dec. 15, at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco.

Accurate taste perception relies on a properly functioning olfactory system Posted: 29 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST As anyone suffering through a head cold knows, food tastes wrong when the nose is clogged, an experience that leads many to conclude that the sense of taste operates normally only when the olfactory system is also in good working order. Evidence that the taste system influences olfactory perception, however, has been vanishingly rare -- until now.

Seeing without looking: Brain structure crucial for moving the mind's spotlight Posted: 29 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Like a spotlight that illuminates an otherwise dark scene, attention brings to mind specific details of our environment while shutting others out. A new study shows that the superior colliculus, a brain structure that primarily had been known for its role in the control of eye and head movements, is crucial for moving the mind's spotlight.

Alzheimer's Disease: Amyloid Precursor Protein -- Good, Bad Or Both? Posted: 29 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST New data about amyloid precursor protein, or APP, a protein implicated in development of Alzheimer's disease, suggests it also may have a positive role -- directly affecting learning and memory during brain development. So is APP good or bad? Researchers say both, and that a balance of APP is critical.

Researchers design a tool to induce controlled suicide in human cells Posted: 29 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Researchers in Spain have designed a new tool to study rescue signaling pathways and cell suicide in depth.

Relatives of boys with sexual birth defects not at risk for testicular germ cell cancer Posted: 29 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Boys with the sexual birth defects known as hypospadias and cryptorchidism are at risk for developing testicular germ cell cancer, but their relatives are not, according to a new study.

Study links real-time data to flu vaccine strategies Posted: 29 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Adaptive vaccination strategies, based on age patterns of hospitalizations and deaths monitored in real-time during the early stages of a pandemic, outperform seasonal influenza vaccination allocation strategies, according to a new article.

Modernizing the treatment of sexual dysfunction in men Posted: 29 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Modern, couple-oriented treatment for male sexual dysfunction takes the psychosocial aspects of sex into account, as well as focusing on the purely physical aspects of the problem.

Scientists isolate new antifreeze molecule in Alaska beetle Posted: 28 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Scientists have identified a novel antifreeze molecule in a freeze-tolerant Alaska beetle able to survive temperatures below minus 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Unlike all previously described biological antifreezes that contain protein, this new molecule, called xylomannan, has little or no protein. It is composed of a sugar and a fatty acid and may exist in new places within the cells of organisms.

Afib Triggered By A Cell That Resembles A Pigment-producing Skin Cell Posted: 28 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST The source and mechanisms underlying the abnormal heart beats that initiate atrial fibrillation (Afib), the most common type of abnormal heart beat, have not been well determined. Researchers have now identified a population of cells that are like pigment-producing cells in the skin in the atria of the heart and pulmonary veins of mice and humans, and uncovered evidence in mice that these cells contribute to Afib.

Deep sea anchors for offshore installations Posted: 28 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST A 13 meter-long, 80-ton anchor is currently being tested as a new mooring concept for offshore installations.

RORalpha, the orchestrator of neuron protection Posted: 28 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST How do the brain cells called astrocytes ensure the protection of neurons? By studying the protagonists in the protection and satisfactory functioning of neurons, scientists have found a mechanism that clarifies the role of astrocytes. Crucial to this mechanism, RORalpha protein is revealed as an essential regulator of inflammatory factors. This discovery constitutes a new path for research on novel drugs in the event of cerebral lesions (e.g. neurodegenerative diseases or trauma).

Researchers develop drug information interface to save lives Posted: 28 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST A new drug information interface system has been shown to help in dealing with visual and motor impairments, which can make sorting, holding and identifying pills a challenge as we age.

Football (soccer) fights depression Posted: 28 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Despite being a significant risk group, young men are amongst those least likely to seek professional help when mentally distressed or suicidal. The 'Back of the Net' program, a pilot initiative using football (called soccer in the U.S.) and cognitive behavioral based techniques was effective in decreasing symptoms of depression in young men.

Why some continue to eat when full: Researchers find clues Posted: 28 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST New research in mice suggest that ghrelin might also work in the brain to make some people keep eating "pleasurable" foods when they're already full.

One step closer to closure: Neuroscientists discover key to spinal cord defects Posted: 28 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Spinal cord disorders like spina bifida arise during early development when future spinal cord cells growing in a flat layer fail to roll up into a tube. Researchers now report a never-before known link between protein transport and mouse spinal cord development, a discovery that opens new doors for research on all spinal defects.

Seeing how evolutionary mechanisms yield biological diversity Posted: 28 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST A international team of scientists has discovered how changes in both gene expression and gene sequence led to the diversity of visual systems in African cichlid fish.

Genetic causes identified for disturbances in lipid metabolism; implications for diabetes Posted: 28 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Scientists have identified new gene variants associated with disturbances in the lipid metabolism. Some of these common human gene variants are already known to be risk factors for diabetes mellitus.

Adjusting acidity with impunity Posted: 28 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST How do individual cells or proteins react to changing pH levels? Researchers have now developed a technique for 'gently' adjusting pH: in other words, without damaging biomolecules. This should soon allow them to measure the activity of a single enzyme as a function of pH.

Couples are better able to cope with health shocks than singles, study finds Posted: 28 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Marital status plays a significant role in how individuals cope economically with disability and health shocks, according to new research.

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• Ladder-walking locusts use vision to climb, show big brains aren't always best
• Microbes help mothers protect kids from allergies
• As the world churns: Earth's liquid outer core is slowly 'stirred' in a series of decades-long waves
• Miss whiplash with locking headrest, study suggests
• Protein that keeps stem cells poised for action identified
• Of girls and geeks: Environment may be why women don't like computer science
• Neuroscientists store information in isolated brain tissue; possible basis of short-term memory
• 'Self-seeding' of cancer cells may play a critical role in tumor progression
• Genetic predeterminants for diabetes in African-Americans identified
• A mechanical model of vocalization
• Whiteflies sabotage alarm system of plant in distress
• Seeing family for the holidays? Scientists discover how the stress might kill you
• Giant planet set for cataclysmic show
• New agent for some drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancers
• Some birds listen, instead of look, for mates
• Five exercises can reduce neck, shoulder pain of women office workers
• Scientists argue for a new type of climate target
• Aviation-based team training may influence clinicians' safety behaviors
• Women tend to have better sense of touch due to smaller finger size
• High-blood-pressure treatment for the over-80s too aggressive, warns expert
• Spider Mite Predators Serve As Biological Control
• Drug for Alzheimer's disease does not appear to slow cognitive decline
• How can evolutionary responses to climate change be measured?
• Physician-assisted suicide: A perspective from advocates for people with disability
• Orchids' sexual trickery explained: Leads to more efficient pollinating system
• Modifying Neural Stem Cells Improves Their Therapeutic Efficacy
• Phragmites partners with microbes to plot native plants' demise
• Antibiotic unsuccessful in preventing preterm labor
• Wet Ethanol Production Process Yields More Ethanol And More Co-products
• How Differing Asian Cultures And Attitudes Impact Cancer Screening Rates

Ladder-walking locusts use vision to climb, show big brains aren't always best Posted: 28 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Scientists have shown for the first time that insects, like mammals, use vision rather than touch to find footholds. They made the discovery thanks to high-speed video cameras that they used to film desert locusts stepping along the rungs of a miniature ladder. The study sheds new light on insects' ability to perform complex tasks, such as visually guided limb control, usually associated with mammals.

Microbes help mothers protect kids from allergies Posted: 28 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST A pregnant woman's exposure to microbes may protect her child from developing allergies later in life. Researchers in Germany find that exposure to environmental bacteria triggers a mild inflammatory response in pregnant mice that renders their offspring resistant to allergies.

As the world churns: Earth's liquid outer core is slowly 'stirred' in a series of decades-long waves Posted: 28 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST A new study confirms theories that Earth's liquid outer core is slowly "stirred" in a series of regularly occurring waves of motion that last for decades. Measurements of Earth's magnetic field from observatory stations on land and ships at sea were combined with satellite data to determine common patterns of movement within Earth's core. The findings give scientists new insights into Earth's internal structure, the mechanisms that generate its magnetic field, and its geology.

Miss whiplash with locking headrest, study suggests Posted: 28 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Whiplash neck injuries among drivers and their passengers who have been shunted from behind are a major cause of long-term health problems and, in extreme cases, death. A new type of vehicle headrest promises to improve both safety and comfort.

Protein that keeps stem cells poised for action identified Posted: 28 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST Researchers have now identified a critical component, called Jarid2, of this delicate balancing act -- one that both recruits other regulatory proteins to genes important in differentiation and also modulates their activity to keep them in a state of ongoing readiness.

Of girls and geeks: Environment may be why women don't like computer science Posted: 28 Dec 2009 11:00 AM PST In real estate, it's location, location, location. And when it comes to why girls and women shy away from careers in computer science, a key reason is environment, environment, environment.

Neuroscientists store information in isolated brain tissue; possible basis of short-term memory Posted: 28 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST For the first time, neuroscientists have created stimulus-specific sustained activity patterns in brain circuits maintained in vitro.

'Self-seeding' of cancer cells may play a critical role in tumor progression Posted: 28 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Cancer progression is commonly thought of as a process involving the growth of a primary tumor followed by metastasis, in which cancer cells leave the primary tumor and spread to distant organs. A new study shows that circulating tumor cells -- cancer cells that break away from a primary tumor and disseminate to other areas of the body -- can also return to and grow in their tumor of origin, a newly discovered process called "self-seeding."

Genetic predeterminants for diabetes in African-Americans identified Posted: 28 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Researchers say a recent discovery suggests that inherited genetic variations exist between whites and blacks living in the US, leading to less efficient metabolism of glucose and predisposition to diabetes in blacks.

A mechanical model of vocalization Posted: 28 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST When people speak, sing or shout, they produce sound by pushing air over their vocal folds -- bits of muscle and tissue that manipulate the air flow and vibrate within it. When someone has polyps or some other problem with their vocal folds, the airflow can be altered, affecting the sound production.

Whiteflies sabotage alarm system of plant in distress Posted: 28 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST When spider mites attack a bean plant, the plant produces odors attracting predatory mites. These mites then exterminate the spider mite population, thus acting as a type of "bodyguard" for the plant. However, if the plant is simultaneously attacked by whiteflies, insects that are related to aphids, the plant becomes less attractive to the mites and therefore more vulnerable to spider mites, say entomologists.

Seeing family for the holidays? Scientists discover how the stress might kill you Posted: 28 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST If you ever thought the stress of seeing your extended family over the holidays was slowly killing you -- bad news: a new study shows that you might be right. Here's the good news: results from the same study might lead to entirely new treatments that help keep autoimmune diseases like lupus, arthritis, and eczema under control.

Giant planet set for cataclysmic show Posted: 28 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST A team of Chinese astronomers has discovered a giant planet close to the exotic binary star system QS Virginis. Although dormant now, in the future the two stars will one day erupt in a violent nova outburst.

New agent for some drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancers Posted: 28 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Scientists have discovered a compound capable of halting a common type of drug-resistant lung cancer. The researchers report that non-small cell lung cancers that had become invulnerable to the drugs Iressa and Tarceva were stymied by a new compound. The compound (WZ4002), whose basic chemical framework is different from that of other cancer drugs, acts against an epidermal growth factor receptor kinase that carries a specific structural defect.

Some birds listen, instead of look, for mates Posted: 28 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Looks can be deceiving, but certain bird species have figured out that a voice can tell them most of what they need to know to find the right mate. Researchers found that the higher the pitch of a male bird's song, the more genetic diversity that bird has, making him a better mate for breeding.

Five exercises can reduce neck, shoulder pain of women office workers Posted: 28 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Strength training exercises using dumbbells can reduce pain and improve function in the trapezius muscle among women suffering trapezius myalgia, a tenderness and tightness in the upper trapezius muscle. The results are the latest findings from an ongoing Danish study aimed at reducing repetitive strain injury caused by office work.

Scientists argue for a new type of climate target Posted: 28 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST In order to avoid dangerous consequences for the earth's ecosystems, global emissions must peak around 2015, and they need to be cut by half between the peak and 2030, according to new findings.

Aviation-based team training may influence clinicians' safety behaviors Posted: 28 Dec 2009 05:00 AM PST Team training based on protocols originally developed for aviation crews may change safety-related behaviors and contribute to perceptions of empowerment among nurses and other surgical staff, according to a new study.

Women tend to have better sense of touch due to smaller finger size Posted: 28 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST People who have smaller fingers have a finer sense of touch, according to new research. This finding explains why women tend to have better tactile acuity than men, because women on average have smaller fingers.

High-blood-pressure treatment for the over-80s too aggressive, warns expert Posted: 28 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST People over 80 years are being treated too aggressively for high blood pressure, warns an expert.

Spider Mite Predators Serve As Biological Control Posted: 28 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST The control of spider mites, which damage tree leaves, reduce fruit quality and cost growers millions of dollars in the use of pesticide and oil spraying, is being biologically controlled in Pennsylvania apple orchards with two tiny insects known to be natural predators.

Drug for Alzheimer's disease does not appear to slow cognitive decline Posted: 28 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Although there were promising results in a phase 2 trial, patients with mild Alzheimer disease who received the drug tarenflurbil as part of a phase 3 trial did not have better outcomes on measures of cognitive decline or loss of activities of daily living compared to patients who received placebo, according to a new study.

How can evolutionary responses to climate change be measured? Posted: 28 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST As global temperatures continue to rise, scientists are presented with the complex challenge of understanding how species respond and adapt.

Physician-assisted suicide: A perspective from advocates for people with disability Posted: 28 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Although public opinion in the US on physician-assisted suicide is evenly divided, about half of states have either defeated bills to legalize assisted suicide or have passed laws explicitly banning it and only two states have legalized it. "A Disability Perspective on the Issue of Physician-Assisted Suicide," a special issue of Disability and Health Journal, examines the issues related to assisted suicide and disability, the legal considerations and the Oregon and Washington experiences.

Orchids' sexual trickery explained: Leads to more efficient pollinating system Posted: 27 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST A new study reveals the reason why orchids use sexual trickery to lure insect pollinators. The study finds that sexual deception in orchids leads to a more efficient pollinating system.

Modifying Neural Stem Cells Improves Their Therapeutic Efficacy Posted: 27 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Stem cells isolated from the brain of adult mice (adult neural stem cells [aNSCs]) have shown very modest therapeutic effects in a mouse model of the chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis. But now, researchers have developed an approach to enhance the therapeutic effects of aNSCs in this model of multiple sclerosis, something that they hope might increase the chance that aNSC-based therapies might one day be developed for clinical use.

Phragmites partners with microbes to plot native plants' demise Posted: 27 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Researchers have uncovered a novel means of conquest employed by the common reed, Phragmites australis, which ranks as one of the world's most invasive plants.

Antibiotic unsuccessful in preventing preterm labor Posted: 27 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Scientists have found that an antibiotic, currently used to treat infections linked to incidences of premature births, does not help reduce the risk of preterm labor.

Wet Ethanol Production Process Yields More Ethanol And More Co-products Posted: 27 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Using a wet ethanol production method that begins by soaking corn kernels rather than grinding them, results in more gallons of ethanol and more usable co-products, giving ethanol producers a bigger bang for their buck -- by about 20 percent.

How Differing Asian Cultures And Attitudes Impact Cancer Screening Rates Posted: 27 Dec 2009 11:00 PM PST Asian-Americans have higher instances of certain types of cancer, yet screening rates remain dismal. A new study calls for culturally sensitive materials to stress the importance of early screening, to help close the disparity.

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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Synesthetic experiences, such as seeing a certain color associated with a number, are real and automatic
• Secrets of the Brain: Researchers decipher parts of the neuronal code
• Helping vegetable plants make a less stressful transition from the greenhouse to the field
• Targeted therapy prolongs life in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer
• Microscopic gyroscopes, the key for motion sensing
• Happy Flies Look For A Place Like Home
• Glacier melt adds ancient edibles to marine buffet
• Rise in drug resistance of dangerous infection in US hospitals
• Milk thistle herb protects cancer patients from chemotherapy-associated liver toxicity
• 'Garbage disposal' role of VCP and implications for degenerative disease
• An easy way to see the world's thinnest material
• Structured reporting software creates less complete and accurate radiology reports than free text
• Exposure to young triggers new neuron creation in females exhibiting maternal behavior
• Physician urges changes in diagnosis for sore throat in young adults
• New clues emerge for understanding morphine addiction
• Researchers find evidence of survival gains in bone marrow disease
• Flowering powers genetic understanding
• Iranian Scholars Share Avicenna's Medieval Medical Wisdom

Synesthetic experiences, such as seeing a certain color associated with a number, are real and automatic Posted: 27 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST For as many as 1 in 20 people, everyday experiences can elicit extra-ordinary associated sensations. The condition is known as synesthesia and the most common form involves "seeing" colors when reading words and numbers.

Secrets of the Brain: Researchers decipher parts of the neuronal code Posted: 27 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST The human brain works at a far higher level of complexity than previously thought. What has been given little attention up to now in the information processing of neuronal circuits has been the time factor. "Liquid computing" -- a new theory about how these complex networks of nerve cells actually work -- has just passed its first test.

Helping vegetable plants make a less stressful transition from the greenhouse to the field Posted: 27 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Plant physiologists have been investigating ways to help vegetable plants make a less stressful transition from the greenhouse to the field.

Targeted therapy prolongs life in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer Posted: 27 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Lapatinib plus trastuzumab are significantly better than lapatinib alone in extending the lives of breast cancer patients whose tumors are HER2-positive, according to new research.

Microscopic gyroscopes, the key for motion sensing Posted: 27 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Tiny devices made possible by combining the latest advances in mechanical and electronics technology could be at the heart of next-generation personal navigation and vehicle stabilization tools.

Happy Flies Look For A Place Like Home Posted: 27 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST A happy youth can influence where a fruit fly chooses to live as an adult, according to new research. The study provides new insight into how animals choose places to live and raise their young.

Glacier melt adds ancient edibles to marine buffet Posted: 27 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Glaciers along the Gulf of Alaska are enriching stream and near shore marine ecosystems from a surprising source -- ancient carbon contained in glacial runoff.

Rise in drug resistance of dangerous infection in US hospitals Posted: 27 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST A new study reports a surge in drug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter, a dangerous type of bacteria that is becoming increasingly common in US hospitals.

Milk thistle herb protects cancer patients from chemotherapy-associated liver toxicity Posted: 27 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST A new study finds that the herb milk thistle may help treat liver inflammation in cancer patients who receive chemotherapy. The study indicates that the herb could allow patients to take potent doses of chemotherapy without damaging their liver.

'Garbage disposal' role of VCP and implications for degenerative disease Posted: 27 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST New research reveals how a mutant ATPase blocks autophagy partway through to cause a multi-tissue degenerative disease.

An easy way to see the world's thinnest material Posted: 27 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Scientists have used the dye fluorescein to create a new imaging technique to view graphene.

Structured reporting software creates less complete and accurate radiology reports than free text Posted: 27 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST As many software companies work to create programs that will give uniform structure to the way radiological test results are reported, a new study shows that such a system does not improve, but rather decreases the completeness and accuracy of the reports.

Exposure to young triggers new neuron creation in females exhibiting maternal behavior Posted: 27 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Maternal behavior itself can trigger the development of new neurons in the maternal brain independent of whether the female was pregnant or has nursed, according to a new study. The study was performed in adult, virgin rats.

Physician urges changes in diagnosis for sore throat in young adults Posted: 27 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST New analysis suggests that physicians need to re-think their diagnosis and treatment of sore throat, or pharyngitis, in adolescents and young adults to consider a more newly identified and potentially dangerous culprit as the source of that infection.

New clues emerge for understanding morphine addiction Posted: 27 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Scientists are adding additional brush strokes to the revolutionary new image now emerging for star-shaped cells called astrocytes in the brain and spinal cord. Their report suggests a key role for astrocytes in morphine's ability to relieve pain and cause addiction.

Researchers find evidence of survival gains in bone marrow disease Posted: 27 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Scientists demonstrate new survival data for the blood disorder myelofibrosis. This retrospective study is the largest ever conducted in young patients with primary myelofibrosis.

Flowering powers genetic understanding Posted: 27 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST New research on how plants adapt their flowering to climate is also helping to unravel some of the mysteries of how genes are controlled. Studies on a gene in Arabidopsis that controls flowering time are providing potential roles for non-coding RNA.

Iranian Scholars Share Avicenna's Medieval Medical Wisdom Posted: 27 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST For pulmonary ailments, certain medieval physicians had a useful medical textbook on hand offering detailed information remarkably similar to those a modern doctor might use today.

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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Vampires and collisions rejuvenate stars
• Further progress toward AIDS vaccine: Rabies-virus vaccine protects monkeys
• How the daisy got its spot: Insect mimicry
• Physical activity associated with lower risk of mortality in men with history of colon cancer
• Magnetic field measurements of the human heart at room temperature
• Half of urban teen girls acquire STIs within two years of first sexual activity
• Calorie restriction: Scientists take important step toward 'fountain of youth'
• Genomic toggle switches divide autoimmune diseases into distinct clusters
• Tourists in Antarctica cause of major concern
• Signaling decreases blood pressure, study finds
• Certain genes boost chances for distributing variety of traits, drive evolution
• Do consumers always approach pleasure and avoid pain? New study suggests an alternative
• The past matters to plants
• Antibody-guided drug shows encouraging activity in metastatic breast cancer
• New warning system warns of driver drowsiness and distraction
• Bone control of glucose levels
• Low-cost temperature sensors: Tennis balls to monitor mountain snowpack
• Who gets expensive cancer drugs? A tale of two nations

Vampires and collisions rejuvenate stars Posted: 26 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have uncovered two distinct kinds of "rejuvenated" stars in the globular cluster Messier 30. A new study shows that both stellar collisions and a process sometimes called vampirism are behind this cosmic "face lift." The scientists also uncover evidence that both sorts of blue stragglers were produced during a critical dynamical event (known as "core collapse") that occurred in Messier 30 a few billion years ago.

Further progress toward AIDS vaccine: Rabies-virus vaccine protects monkeys Posted: 26 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Researchers are one step closer to developing a vaccine against the AIDS disease. They have found that a rabies virus-based vaccine administered to monkeys protected against the simian equivalent of the HIV virus (SIV).

How the daisy got its spot: Insect mimicry Posted: 26 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Dark spots on flower petals are common across many angiosperm plant families and occur on flowers such as some lilies, orchids, and daisies. Much research has been done on the physiological and behavioral mechanisms for how these spots attract pollinators. But have you ever wondered what these spots are composed of, how they develop, or how they only appear on some but not all of the ray florets?

Physical activity associated with lower risk of mortality in men with history of colon cancer Posted: 26 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Increased physical activity appears to be associated with a lower risk of cancer-specific and overall death in men with a history of colorectal cancer that has not spread to other parts of the body, according to a new study.

Magnetic field measurements of the human heart at room temperature Posted: 26 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST A new optical sensor was successfully tested in the "magnetically best shielded room on Earth." The sensor does not need advanced cooling and is very small. Its suitability was proven for biomagnetic measurements in the picotesla range. So, magnetocardiographic measurement devices -- to be used as a supplement or an alternative to the ECG -- could become simpler and less expensive.

Half of urban teen girls acquire STIs within two years of first sexual activity Posted: 26 Dec 2009 02:00 PM PST Half of urban teenage girls may acquire at least one of three common sexually transmitted infections within two years of becoming sexually active, according to a new study.

Calorie restriction: Scientists take important step toward 'fountain of youth' Posted: 26 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Going back for a second dessert after your holiday meal might not be the best strategy for living a long, cancer-free life say researchers. That's because they've shown exactly how restricted calorie diets -- specifically in the form of restricted glucose -- help human cells live longer.

Genomic toggle switches divide autoimmune diseases into distinct clusters Posted: 26 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Genomic switches can predispose an individual to one set of autoimmune disorders but protect the same person against another set of them, scientists have found.

Tourists in Antarctica cause of major concern Posted: 26 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST The 40,000 'eco-tourists' who visit the South Pole every year cause enormous greenhouse gas emissions. The visitors to the snow-covered landmass are endangering not just the Antarctic region by their actions, but also the rest of the world. Scientists have investigated the impacts of increased tourism on Antarctica and how this impact could be curbed.

Signaling decreases blood pressure, study finds Posted: 26 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Blood pressure is controlled in part by changes in the radius of blood vessels; when the smooth muscle cells in the wall of a blood vessel contract, the radius of the blood vessel decreases and blood pressure increases. Researchers have now identified in mice a new signaling pathway that contributes to relaxation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessel walls triggered by the molecule NO and thereby decreases blood pressure.

Certain genes boost chances for distributing variety of traits, drive evolution Posted: 26 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Genes that don't themselves directly affect the inherited characteristics of an organism but leave them increasingly open to variation may be a significant driving force of evolution, say scientists.

Do consumers always approach pleasure and avoid pain? New study suggests an alternative Posted: 26 Dec 2009 08:00 AM PST Whether it's doing sit-ups or eating steamed veggies instead of fries, it's often difficult to get ourselves to do something we know is beneficial. A new study says we can trick ourselves into more favorable evaluations of certain products and behaviors.

The past matters to plants Posted: 26 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST It's commonly known that plants interact with each other on an everyday basis: they shade each other out or take up nutrients from the soil before neighboring plants can get them. Now, researchers have learned that plants also respond to the past.

Antibody-guided drug shows encouraging activity in metastatic breast cancer Posted: 26 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST A new antibody-drug compound shrank or halted the growth of metastatic breast tumors in almost half of a group of patients whose HER2-positive cancer had become resistant to standard therapies, according to early data.

New warning system warns of driver drowsiness and distraction Posted: 26 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Scientists have developed the latest version of a driving assistance system which controls the driver's attention level and helps to avoid accidents caused by drowsiness or distractions at the wheel.

Bone control of glucose levels Posted: 26 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Bone cells known as osteoblasts were recently shown to have a role in controlling the biochemical reactions that generate energy via secretion of the molecule osteocalcin. Researchers have now determined that the protein FoxO1 regulates this function of osteoblasts in mice.

Low-cost temperature sensors: Tennis balls to monitor mountain snowpack Posted: 26 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST Dime-sized temperature sensors, first built for the refrigerated food industry, have been adapted to sense mountain microclimates.

Who gets expensive cancer drugs? A tale of two nations Posted: 26 Dec 2009 02:00 AM PST The well-worn notion that patients in the United States have unfettered access to the most expensive cancer drugs while the United Kingdom's nationalized health care system regularly denies access to some high-cost treatments needs rethinking, a team of bioethicists and health policy experts says in a new report.

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