ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Out of the gait: Robot ranger sets untethered 'walking' record at 14.3 miles
• More time spent sitting linked to higher risk of death; Risk found to be independent of physical activity level
• Scientists discover how deadly fungal microbes enter host cells
• Misuse of anesthesia could cause hepatitis virus transmission
• Not enough hours in the day for endangered apes: Warming climate may change ape behaviour, resulting in loss of habitat
• Adults recall negative events less accurately than children, study finds
• Scientists confirm role for mysterious cell component -- the nucleolinus
• Abnormal cells in blood tied to lung cancer: Circulating aberrant cells increase as non-small cell lung cancer progresses
• Structural brain alterations in patients with irritable bowel syndrome discovered
• Math model of colon inflammation singles out dangerous immune cells
• Pounding particles to create Neptune's water in the lab
• Link between childhood physical abuse and heart disease
• Quantum mechanics not in jeopardy: Physicists confirm a decades-old key principle experimentally
• Salmonella contaminated pork may pose health risk for humans
• Biologists help save endangered pallid sturgeon
• Protein important in diabetes may also play a key role in heart disease, other disorders
• Better control of reproduction in trout and salmon may be in aquaculture's future
• Malicious use of pharmaceuticals: An under-recognized form of child abuse
• Warmer climate could increase release of carbon dioxide by inland lakes
• Cannibinoids offer novel treatment for pain in sickle cell disease, study suggests
• Highest X-ray energy used to probe materials
• More than half of all ACL reconstructions could be avoided, Swedish study finds
• Bio-based compound provides substitute for important raw material in plastic products
• Inequalities in mortality in Britain today greater than those during 1930s economic depression, study finds
• Could diabetes be in your bones? Link between metabolic disease, bone mass; Breakdown of bone keeps blood sugar in check
• Smog might trigger cell death in the heart, study finds
• Key compound of ozone destruction detected; Scientists disprove doubts in ozone hole chemistry
• Early HAART during TB treatment boosts survival rate in people co-infected with HIV and TB, study finds
• Data mining made faster: New method eases analysis of 'multidimensional' information
• Once a delinquent, always a delinquent? Not necessarily
• Hyperfast star was booted from Milky Way
• Cutting fat and calories can lower cancer risk in dogs and people
• Extreme archaeology: Divers plumb the mysteries of sacred Maya pools
• African ancestry linked to high-risk breast cancer, study finds
• Climate uncertainties tied to economies of US states: California, Pacific Northwest and Colorado achieve positive net impacts; other states languish
• Customers less tolerant of employee rudeness than incompetence
• Caterpillars crawl like none other: Unique means of animal locomotion has implications for robotics, human biomechanics
• Gene linked to aging also linked to Alzheimer's
• Wacky weather could squeeze Florida's citrus season
• Vitamins needed to help celiacs stave off bone disease, researchers find
• Oil devastation found at major Gulf breeding site
• Genetic link to children’s emotional problems precipitated by bullying

Out of the gait: Robot ranger sets untethered 'walking' record at 14.3 miles Posted: 23 Jul 2010 08:00 AM PDT The loneliness of the long-distance robot: A robot named Ranger walked 14.3 miles in about 11 hours, setting an unofficial world record. A human -- armed with nothing more than a standard remote control for toys -- steered the untethered robot.

More time spent sitting linked to higher risk of death; Risk found to be independent of physical activity level Posted: 23 Jul 2010 08:00 AM PDT A new study finds it's not just how much physical activity you get, but how much time you spend sitting that can affect your risk of death.

Scientists discover how deadly fungal microbes enter host cells Posted: 23 Jul 2010 08:00 AM PDT A research team has discovered a fundamental entry mechanism that allows dangerous fungal microbes to infect plants and cause disease. The discovery paves the way for the development of new intervention strategies to protect plant, and even some animal cells, from deadly fungal infections.

Misuse of anesthesia could cause hepatitis virus transmission Posted: 23 Jul 2010 08:00 AM PDT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be transmitted during intravenous (IV) administration of anesthesia, according to a new study.

Not enough hours in the day for endangered apes: Warming climate may change ape behaviour, resulting in loss of habitat Posted: 23 Jul 2010 08:00 AM PDT A study on the effect of global warming on African ape survival suggests that a warming climate may cause apes to run 'out of time'. The research reveals that rising temperatures and changes in rainfall patterns have strong effects on ape behavior, distribution and survival, pushing them even further to the brink of extinction.

Adults recall negative events less accurately than children, study finds Posted: 23 Jul 2010 08:00 AM PDT Emotions -- particularly those provoked by negative events -- can cause distorted, inaccurate memories, but less often in children than in adults, according to a new study.

Scientists confirm role for mysterious cell component -- the nucleolinus Posted: 23 Jul 2010 05:00 AM PDT Scientists have confirmed the role in cell division of a long-neglected cellular component, the nucleolinus. The nucleolinus is a structure observed in the nucleus of many cells, including invertebrate egg cells and some mammalian cells. While it was discovered more than 150 years ago, and other scientists have proposed that is involved in cell division, difficulties in visualizing the nucleolinus inside most cells have kept that hypothesis dormant.

Abnormal cells in blood tied to lung cancer: Circulating aberrant cells increase as non-small cell lung cancer progresses Posted: 23 Jul 2010 05:00 AM PDT A novel approach detects genetically abnormal cells in the blood of non-small cell lung cancer patients that match abnormalities found in tumor cells and increase in number with the severity of the disease, a research team reports.

Structural brain alterations in patients with irritable bowel syndrome discovered Posted: 23 Jul 2010 05:00 AM PDT A large academic study has demonstrated structural changes in specific brain regions in female patients with irritable bowel syndrome, a condition that causes pain and discomfort in the abdomen, along with diarrhea, constipation or both. According to researchers, the finding removes the idea once and for all that IBS symptoms are not real and are "only psychological."

Math model of colon inflammation singles out dangerous immune cells Posted: 23 Jul 2010 05:00 AM PDT Scientists have constructed a mathematical and computational model of inflammatory bowel disease that allows researchers to simulate the cellular and molecular changes underlying chronic inflammation in humans. The model allows scientists to explore different interactions of cells in the immune system, check how these cells are linked to inflammation in the colon, and identify intervention points to perhaps stop the disease in its tracks.

Pounding particles to create Neptune's water in the lab Posted: 23 Jul 2010 05:00 AM PDT An international group of physicists has drawn up plans to use the new Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research in Germany to expose water molecules to heavy ion beams and generate the same level of pressure on the water molecules that they experience within the very inhospitable core of Neptune.

Link between childhood physical abuse and heart disease Posted: 23 Jul 2010 05:00 AM PDT Childhood physical abuse is associated with significantly elevated rates of heart disease in adulthood, according to new findings.

Quantum mechanics not in jeopardy: Physicists confirm a decades-old key principle experimentally Posted: 23 Jul 2010 02:00 AM PDT When waves -- regardless of whether light or sound -- collide, they overlap creating interferences. Austrian and Canadian quantum physicists have now been able to rule out the existence of higher-order interferences experimentally and thereby confirmed an axiom in quantum physics: Born's rule.

Salmonella contaminated pork may pose health risk for humans Posted: 23 Jul 2010 02:00 AM PDT German researchers have isolated a strain of Salmonella in pork that is closely related to the bacteria commonly found in chickens and linked to human food-borne illness.

Biologists help save endangered pallid sturgeon Posted: 23 Jul 2010 02:00 AM PDT Fisheries researchers found one piece of a scientific puzzle that just may help save an endangered species from extinction.

Protein important in diabetes may also play a key role in heart disease, other disorders Posted: 23 Jul 2010 02:00 AM PDT Studying a protein already known to play an important role in Type 2 diabetes and cancer, genomics researchers have discovered that it may have an even broader role in disease, particularly in other metabolic disorders and heart disease. In finding unsuspected links to other disease-related genes, the scientists may have identified future targets for drug treatments.

Better control of reproduction in trout and salmon may be in aquaculture's future Posted: 23 Jul 2010 02:00 AM PDT Fast-growing farm-raised salmon and trout that are sterile can now be produced using a method developed by agricultural scientists. Blocking reproduction can enhance growth, and is important for fish being reared in situations where reproduction is undesirable.

Malicious use of pharmaceuticals: An under-recognized form of child abuse Posted: 23 Jul 2010 02:00 AM PDT Child abuse is a serious problem that affects nearly one million children a year in the US. The American Academy of Pediatrics and US Department of Health and Human Services classify child abuse into four categories: neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse. None of these categories clearly includes the abusive use of drugs on children. A new study investigates the malicious use of pharmaceuticals and attempts to shed light on this under-recognized problem.

Warmer climate could increase release of carbon dioxide by inland lakes Posted: 22 Jul 2010 11:00 PM PDT Much organically bound carbon is deposited on inland lake bottoms. A portion remains in the sediment, sometimes for thousands of years, while the rest is largely broken down to carbon dioxide and methane, which are released into the atmosphere. Swedish researchers have shown that carbon retention by sediment is highly temperature-sensitive and that a warmer climate would result in increased carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere.

Cannibinoids offer novel treatment for pain in sickle cell disease, study suggests Posted: 22 Jul 2010 11:00 PM PDT Researchers have discovered that cannibinoids offer a novel approach to ease the chronic and acute pain caused by sickle cell disease.

Highest X-ray energy used to probe materials Posted: 22 Jul 2010 11:00 PM PDT Scientists for the first time have dived into the effect that an intense X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) has on materials. Using the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) facility at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, scientists probed nitrogen gas at X-ray energies of up to 8 keV (kiloelectronvolts), the highest X-ray energy ever used at an XFEL, to see how it behaved when the laser hit it.

More than half of all ACL reconstructions could be avoided, Swedish study finds Posted: 22 Jul 2010 11:00 PM PDT Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common injuries to the knee, primarily affecting young people who practise sport and often treated with surgical reconstruction. A research group from Sweden has now shown that 60 per cent of these operations could be avoided, without negatively affecting treatment outcomes.

Bio-based compound provides substitute for important raw material in plastic products Posted: 22 Jul 2010 11:00 PM PDT Soft drink bottles and fleece blankets are set to become more environmentally friendly. A Dutch researcher has made a bio-based compound that can act as a substitute for one of the most important raw materials for plastic products. The U.S. Department of Energy has awarded the new material a place in the top 12 of the most promising biological materials for the chemical industry.

Inequalities in mortality in Britain today greater than those during 1930s economic depression, study finds Posted: 22 Jul 2010 11:00 PM PDT The level of inequalities in premature mortality between different areas of Britain has almost surpassed those seen shortly before the economic crash of 1929 and the economic depression of the 1930s, according to a new study.

Could diabetes be in your bones? Link between metabolic disease, bone mass; Breakdown of bone keeps blood sugar in check Posted: 22 Jul 2010 08:00 PM PDT Our bones have much greater influence on the rest of our bodies than they are often given credit for, according to two new studies. Both studies offer new insights into the interplay between bone and blood sugar, based on signals sent via insulin and a bone-derived hormone known as osteocalcin.

Smog might trigger cell death in the heart, study finds Posted: 22 Jul 2010 08:00 PM PDT An early study in rats provides the first direct indication that a major component of smog might trigger cell death in the heart, researchers report.

Key compound of ozone destruction detected; Scientists disprove doubts in ozone hole chemistry Posted: 22 Jul 2010 08:00 PM PDT For the first time, scientists in Germany have successfully measured in the ozone layer the chlorine compound ClOOCl, which plays an important role in stratospheric ozone depletion. Doubts in the established models of polar ozone chemistry expressed by American researchers based on laboratory measurements are disproved by these new atmospheric observations.

Early HAART during TB treatment boosts survival rate in people co-infected with HIV and TB, study finds Posted: 22 Jul 2010 08:00 PM PDT A clinical trial in Cambodia has found it possible to prolong the survival of untreated HIV-infected adults with very weak immune systems and newly diagnosed tuberculosis by starting anti-HIV therapy two weeks after beginning TB treatment, rather than waiting eight weeks, as has been standard.

Data mining made faster: New method eases analysis of 'multidimensional' information Posted: 22 Jul 2010 08:00 PM PDT To many big companies, you aren't just a customer, but are described by multiple "dimensions" of information within a computer database. Now, a computer scientist has devised a new method for simpler, faster "data mining," or extracting and analyzing massive amounts of such data.

Once a delinquent, always a delinquent? Not necessarily Posted: 22 Jul 2010 08:00 PM PDT Children who come in conflict with the law early on in life do not necessarily become long-term criminals thereafter, according to a child delinquency study by researchers in Germany.

Hyperfast star was booted from Milky Way Posted: 22 Jul 2010 05:00 PM PDT A hundred million years ago, a triple-star system was traveling through the bustling center of our Milky Way galaxy when it made a life-changing misstep. The trio wandered too close to the galaxy's giant black hole, which captured one of the stars and hurled the other two out of the Milky Way. Adding to the stellar game of musical chairs, the two outbound stars merged to form a super-hot, blue star.

Cutting fat and calories can lower cancer risk in dogs and people Posted: 22 Jul 2010 05:00 PM PDT As many as 1 out of 3 cancer deaths in both humans and dogs could be prevented by reducing Omega-6 fatty acids and cutting calories, according to new research.

Extreme archaeology: Divers plumb the mysteries of sacred Maya pools Posted: 22 Jul 2010 05:00 PM PDT Steering clear of crocodiles and navigating around massive submerged trees, a team of divers began mapping some of the 25 freshwater pools of Cara Blanca, Belize, which were important to the ancient Maya. In three weeks this May, the divers found fossilized animal remains, bits of pottery and -- in the largest pool explored -- an enormous underwater cave. The dives will continue later this summer.

African ancestry linked to high-risk breast cancer, study finds Posted: 22 Jul 2010 05:00 PM PDT A new study finds that African ancestry is linked to triple-negative breast cancer, a more aggressive type of cancer that has fewer treatment options.

Climate uncertainties tied to economies of US states: California, Pacific Northwest and Colorado achieve positive net impacts; other states languish Posted: 22 Jul 2010 05:00 PM PDT A climate-change study that models the near-term effects of declining rainfall in each of the 48 US continental states makes clear the economic toll that could occur unless an appropriate amount of initial investment -- a kind of upfront insurance payment -- is made to forestall much larger economic problems down the road.

Customers less tolerant of employee rudeness than incompetence Posted: 22 Jul 2010 05:00 PM PDT Rude behavior among employees can negatively affect consumer perceptions -- even when the incivility isn't directed at the customer.

Caterpillars crawl like none other: Unique means of animal locomotion has implications for robotics, human biomechanics Posted: 22 Jul 2010 02:00 PM PDT Biologists studying caterpillars have reported a unique "two-body" system of locomotion that has not previously been reported in any animal. The gut of the crawling caterpillar moves forward independently and in advance of the surrounding body wall and legs, not with them. This novel system may contribute to the caterpillars' extraordinary freedom of movement and provide insight for the design of soft-bodied robots.

Gene linked to aging also linked to Alzheimer's Posted: 22 Jul 2010 02:00 PM PDT Biologists report that they have discovered the first link between the amyloid plaques that form in the brains of Alzheimer's patients and a gene previously implicated in the aging process, SIRT1.

Wacky weather could squeeze Florida's citrus season Posted: 22 Jul 2010 02:00 PM PDT Citrus growers, beware. Florida winters are getting more extreme, causing plants to flower later and potentially shrinking the growing seasons for some of the state's most vital crops.

Vitamins needed to help celiacs stave off bone disease, researchers find Posted: 22 Jul 2010 02:00 PM PDT Children with celiac disease need to include certain must-have vitamins in their diets to stave off weak bones and osteoporosis, say researchers.

Oil devastation found at major Gulf breeding site Posted: 22 Jul 2010 02:00 PM PDT Scientists working in the Gulf have documented what may be the worst oil spill devastation of a major bird colony so far.

Genetic link to children’s emotional problems precipitated by bullying Posted: 22 Jul 2010 02:00 PM PDT Bullying victimization is common among children of school age, although its consequences are often anything but benign. The recent death of a Massachusetts teen by suicide prompted state lawmakers to pass one of the most far-reaching anti-bullying laws within the U.S. Whether such legislative actions result in measurable decreases in physical or emotional distress among school peers remains to be seen, but a team of researchers have discovered a genetic variation that moderates whether victims of bullying will go on to develop emotional problems.

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