ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Brain's energy restored during sleep, suggests animal study
• Want to slow aging? New research suggests it takes more than antioxidants
• Deaths in the family cause bacteria to flee
• Brain chemical boosts body heat, aids in calorie burn, UT Southwestern research suggests
• New adhesive for tape, label industry, developed
• Rudeness at work causes mistakes
• TV viewing, video game play contribute to kids' attention problems, study finds
• Fetal X-ray exposure interferes with memory in adulthood, monkey study finds
• Of moose and men: 50-year study into moose arthritis reveals link with early malnutrition
• New insights into link between anti-cholesterol statin drugs and depression
• New type of light-matter interaction: Advance in quantum computing and energy conversion technology
• Suicide barriers may fail to cut suicide rates as people go elsewhere
• Lone whales shout to overcome noise
• Scientists reveal the mystery of sudden cardiac death
• Secrets of nutritious corn breed that withstands rigors of handling
• Patients with treatment-resistant CLL respond positively to stem cell transplants
• NASA satellite adds carbon dioxide to its repertoire
• Many mephedrone alternatives just as risky, warn experts
• Researchers measure single-molecule machines in action
• Best tests for predicting Alzheimer's disease identified
• How T cells make a commitment
• Short-term kidney failure in heart patients may not be as detrimental, study shows
• Cleaner water mitigates climate change effects on Florida Keys coral reefs, study shows
• Why are blacks more likely to die from cancer diagnosis? Patient, doctor, hospital factors all contribute to worse survival, review finds
• Saturn system moves oxygen from Enceladus to Titan
• Next Mars rover sports a set of new wheels
• Cocoa flavanols improve vascular and blood pressure measures for coronary artery disease patients
• Hips don't lie: Researchers find more accurate technique to determine sex of skeletal remains
• Head and spine trauma from ATV accidents cost $3.24 billion annually, study finds
• Team devises technique to predict dust storms with infrared satellite
• Anxiety may be at root of religious extremism, researchers find
• Rare creatures from the deep: Findings may revolutionize thinking about deep-sea life in Atlantic Ocean
• Bacterial communication encourages chronic, resistant ear infections
• Can you make a snail forget?
• Aerobic exercise safe and effective for rheumatoid arthritis patients, experts say
• Multi-layered images projected onto water droplets with new technology
• Romantic rejection stimulates areas of brain involved in motivation, reward and addiction
• With magnetic nanoparticles, scientists remotely control neurons and animal behavior
• Maternal diet and genes interact to affect heart development
• Infrared camera may provide a better view for night driving
• Nna proteins play role in catastrophic neuron death in mice, flies -- and perhaps people
• Barrier to faster integrated circuits may be mere speed bump, scientists say
• Many English speakers cannot understand basic grammar

Brain's energy restored during sleep, suggests animal study Posted: 07 Jul 2010 08:00 AM PDT In the initial stages of sleep, energy levels increase dramatically in brain regions found to be active during waking hours, according to new research. These results suggest that a surge of cellular energy may replenish brain processes needed to function normally while awake.

Want to slow aging? New research suggests it takes more than antioxidants Posted: 07 Jul 2010 08:00 AM PDT A new study casts doubt on the theory that oxidative stress shortens lifespan. Researchers have identified mutations in 10 different genes of worms (genes believed to have counterparts in humans) that extend their lifespan without reducing the level of oxidative stress the worms suffer. The results contradict the popular theory that production of toxic reactive oxygen species in tissues is responsible for aging.

Deaths in the family cause bacteria to flee Posted: 07 Jul 2010 08:00 AM PDT The deaths of nearby relatives has a curious effect on the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus -- surviving cells lose their stickiness. Biologists report that exposure to the extracellular DNA released by dying neighbors stops the sticky holdfasts of living Caulobacter from adhering to surfaces, preventing cells from joining bacterial biofilms. Less sticky cells are more likely to escape established colonies, out to where conditions may be better.

Brain chemical boosts body heat, aids in calorie burn, UT Southwestern research suggests Posted: 07 Jul 2010 08:00 AM PDT New findings suggest that an enzyme in the brain known as PI3 kinase might control the increased generation of body heat that helps burn off excess calories after eating a high-fat meal.

New adhesive for tape, label industry, developed Posted: 07 Jul 2010 08:00 AM PDT An incidental discovery in a wood products lab has produced a new pressure-sensitive adhesive that may revolutionize the tape industry -- an environmentally benign product that works very well and costs much less than existing adhesives based on petrochemicals.

Rudeness at work causes mistakes Posted: 07 Jul 2010 08:00 AM PDT If someone is rude to you at work or if you witness rudeness you are more likely to make mistakes, according to one expert.

TV viewing, video game play contribute to kids' attention problems, study finds Posted: 07 Jul 2010 05:00 AM PDT A study of both elementary school-aged and college-aged subjects found that youths who exceeded the two hours per day of screen time recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics were 1.5 to 2 times more likely to be above average in attention problems.

Fetal X-ray exposure interferes with memory in adulthood, monkey study finds Posted: 07 Jul 2010 05:00 AM PDT Learning and memory impairments are important contributors to the disability associated with schizophrenia. These functional impairments emerge long before the onset of other symptoms associated with schizophrenia, suggesting that they are a consequence of a disturbance in brain development. In order to investigate the impact of early life disturbances in brain development upon learning and memory, researchers exposed fetal monkeys to x-rays and then examined their behavior when they were adults, approximately 5 years later.

Of moose and men: 50-year study into moose arthritis reveals link with early malnutrition Posted: 07 Jul 2010 05:00 AM PDT It's seen as a sign of getting old, but scientists have discovered that arthritis is not just a human problem as a study lasting 50 years reveals how moose suffer from an identical form of the condition. The research also casts new light on how malnutrition early in life can lead to the disorder in both moose and humans.

New insights into link between anti-cholesterol statin drugs and depression Posted: 07 Jul 2010 05:00 AM PDT Scientists are reporting a possible explanation for the symptoms of anxiety and depression that occur in some patients taking the popular statin family of anti-cholesterol drugs, and reported by some individuals on low-cholesterol diets. These symptoms could result from long-term, low levels of cholesterol in the brain, the report suggests.

New type of light-matter interaction: Advance in quantum computing and energy conversion technology Posted: 07 Jul 2010 05:00 AM PDT Using a unique hybrid nanostructure, researchers have shown a new type of light-matter interaction and also demonstrated the first full quantum control of qubit spin within very tiny colloidal nanostructures (a few nanometers), thus taking a key step forward in efforts to create a quantum computer.

Suicide barriers may fail to cut suicide rates as people go elsewhere Posted: 07 Jul 2010 05:00 AM PDT Suicide barriers on bridges might not reduce overall suicide rates by jumping from heights, as people may change location for their suicide attempt, according to a new study.

Lone whales shout to overcome noise Posted: 07 Jul 2010 02:00 AM PDT Just like people in a bar or other noisy location, North American right whales increase the volume of their calls as environmental noise increases; and just like humans, at a certain point, it may become too costly to continue to shout, according to marine and acoustic scientists.

Scientists reveal the mystery of sudden cardiac death Posted: 07 Jul 2010 02:00 AM PDT Scientists in the UK have solved a mystery connected with why people die from sudden cardiac arrest during sleep -- potentially saving thousands of lives.

Secrets of nutritious corn breed that withstands rigors of handling Posted: 07 Jul 2010 02:00 AM PDT Researchers have discovered the basis for what makes corn kernels hard, a quality that allows corn to be easily harvested, stored and transported. The findings could lead to better hybrids and increase the supply for people in developing countries who rely on it as a nutritional staple. The study examines "quality protein maize," or QPM, which has key protein ingredients and a hard-shelled kernel.

Patients with treatment-resistant CLL respond positively to stem cell transplants Posted: 07 Jul 2010 02:00 AM PDT Allogeneic (donor-derived) stem cell transplant may be a promising option for patients with treatment-resistant chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), regardless of the patient's underlying genetic abnormalities, according to the results of a new study.

NASA satellite adds carbon dioxide to its repertoire Posted: 07 Jul 2010 02:00 AM PDT A NASA-led research team has expanded the growing global armada of remote sensing satellites capable of studying carbon dioxide, the leading greenhouse gas driving changes in Earth's climate.

Many mephedrone alternatives just as risky, warn experts Posted: 07 Jul 2010 02:00 AM PDT Since the recent ban on mephedrone, many so-called "legal substitutes" available on the internet are in fact banned cathinones (chemically related to amphetamines) and just as risky, warn experts.

Researchers measure single-molecule machines in action Posted: 06 Jul 2010 11:00 PM PDT In the development of future molecular devices, new display technologies, and "artificial muscles" in nanoelectromechanical devices, functional molecules are likely to play a primary role. Rotaxanes, one family of such molecules, are tiny, mechanically interlocked structures that consist of a dumbell-shaped molecule whose rod section is encircled by a ring. These structures behave as molecular "machines," with the ring moving along the rod from one station to another when stimulated by a chemical reaction, light or acidity.

Best tests for predicting Alzheimer's disease identified Posted: 06 Jul 2010 11:00 PM PDT New research has identified the memory and brain scan tests that appear to predict best whether a person with cognitive problems might develop Alzheimer's disease.

How T cells make a commitment Posted: 06 Jul 2010 11:00 PM PDT When does a cell decide its particular identity? According to biologists, in the case of T cells -- immune system cells that help destroy invading pathogens -- the answer is when the cells begin expressing a particular gene called Bcl11b.

Short-term kidney failure in heart patients may not be as detrimental, study shows Posted: 06 Jul 2010 11:00 PM PDT New research shows that while short-term worsening kidney function is frequent among patients with heart failure, these patients also have better outcomes than those who have persistent kidney failure.

Cleaner water mitigates climate change effects on Florida Keys coral reefs, study shows Posted: 06 Jul 2010 11:00 PM PDT Improving the quality of local water increases the resistance of coral reefs to global climate change, according to a new study.

Why are blacks more likely to die from cancer diagnosis? Patient, doctor, hospital factors all contribute to worse survival, review finds Posted: 06 Jul 2010 11:00 PM PDT While disparities exist for nearly every common cancer type, the largest differences occur among cancers that benefit most from treatment -- suggesting that black patients are not getting needed lifesaving treatments, according to a review.

Saturn system moves oxygen from Enceladus to Titan Posted: 06 Jul 2010 09:00 PM PDT Complex interactions between Saturn and its satellites have led scientists using NASA's Cassini spacecraft to a comprehensive model that could explain how oxygen may end up on the surface of Saturn's icy moon Titan. The presence of these oxygen atoms could potentially provide the basis for pre-biological chemistry.

Next Mars rover sports a set of new wheels Posted: 06 Jul 2010 09:00 PM PDT NASA's next Mars rover, Curiosity, is sitting pretty on a set of spiffy new wheels that would be the envy of any car show on Earth. The wheels and a suspension system were added recently by spacecraft technicians and engineers. These new and important touches are a key step in assembling and testing the flight system in advance of a planned 2011 launch.

Cocoa flavanols improve vascular and blood pressure measures for coronary artery disease patients Posted: 06 Jul 2010 08:00 PM PDT A new study finds that high concentrations of cocoa flavanols decrease blood pressure, improve the health of blood vessels and increase the number of circulating blood-vessel-forming cells in patients with heart disease. The findings indicate that foods rich in flavanols -- such as cocoa products, tea, wine and various fruits and vegetables -- have a cardio-protective benefit for heart disease patients.

Hips don't lie: Researchers find more accurate technique to determine sex of skeletal remains Posted: 06 Jul 2010 08:00 PM PDT Researchers are offering a new means of determining the sex of skeletal human remains -- an advance that may have significant impacts in the wake of disasters, the studying of ancient remains and the criminal justice system.

Head and spine trauma from ATV accidents cost $3.24 billion annually, study finds Posted: 06 Jul 2010 08:00 PM PDT Severe trauma to the head and spine resulting from all-terrain vehicle accidents are increasing dramatically, according to new research.

Team devises technique to predict dust storms with infrared satellite Posted: 06 Jul 2010 08:00 PM PDT Researchers have developed a method for predicting dust and sandstorms that uses infrared satellite images to determine when conditions are ripe for the destructive phenomena, a technique that could be implemented globally and that the research team used to forecast a 2008 New Mexico dust storm -- the area's largest in decades -- two days beforehand.

Anxiety may be at root of religious extremism, researchers find Posted: 06 Jul 2010 08:00 PM PDT New findings show that anxiety and uncertainty can cause us to become more idealistic and more radical in our religious beliefs.

Rare creatures from the deep: Findings may revolutionize thinking about deep-sea life in Atlantic Ocean Posted: 06 Jul 2010 05:00 PM PDT Scientists have just returned from a voyage with samples of rare animals and more than 10 possible new species in a trip which they say has revolutionized their thinking about deep-sea life in the Atlantic Ocean. One group of creatures they observed -- and captured -- during their six weeks in the Atlantic aboard the RRS James Cook is believed to be close to the missing evolutionary link between vertebrate and invertebrate animals.

Bacterial communication encourages chronic, resistant ear infections Posted: 06 Jul 2010 05:00 PM PDT Ear infections caused by more than one species of bacteria could be more persistent and antibiotic-resistant because one pathogen may be communicating with the other, encouraging it to bolster its defenses. Interrupting or removing that communication could be key to curing these infections.

Can you make a snail forget? Posted: 06 Jul 2010 05:00 PM PDT Scientists have identified which environmental stress conditions encourage pond snails to remember and which make them forget. Following training, predator scent super-sensitised the snails whilst overcrowding and reduced calcium blocked memory formation. Understanding when stress blocks or enhances memory in a simple animal model may help elucidate mechanisms in more complex animals, like humans.

Aerobic exercise safe and effective for rheumatoid arthritis patients, experts say Posted: 06 Jul 2010 05:00 PM PDT Researchers have determined that cardio-respiratory aerobic exercise is safe for patients with stable rheumatoid arthritis. The team found that RA patients who exercised regularly had improved function, less joint pain, and greater quality of life.

Multi-layered images projected onto water droplets with new technology Posted: 06 Jul 2010 05:00 PM PDT AquaLux 3-D, a new projection technology, can target light onto and between individual water droplets, enabling text, video and other moving or still images to be displayed on multiple layers of falling water.

Romantic rejection stimulates areas of brain involved in motivation, reward and addiction Posted: 06 Jul 2010 05:00 PM PDT The pain and anguish of rejection by a romantic partner may be the result of activity in parts of the brain associated with motivation, reward and addiction cravings, according to a new study.

With magnetic nanoparticles, scientists remotely control neurons and animal behavior Posted: 06 Jul 2010 02:00 PM PDT Clusters of heated, magnetic nanoparticles targeted to cell membranes can remotely control ion channels, neurons and even animal behavior, according to a new study.

Maternal diet and genes interact to affect heart development Posted: 06 Jul 2010 02:00 PM PDT A pregnant mother's diet may be able to interact with the genes her unborn child inherits and influence the type or severity of birth defect, according to new research. The study suggests that mothers who eat a high fat diet before and through pregnancy could be inadvertently putting the health of their offspring at risk.

Infrared camera may provide a better view for night driving Posted: 06 Jul 2010 02:00 PM PDT Infrared cameras see more than the naked eye and can make road traffic safer. Cameras for the long-wave infrared range, however, have the disadvantage that the sensor requires constant cooling, which adds to the cost and complexity of the device. Now a new type of detector has been developed which functions at room temperature.

Nna proteins play role in catastrophic neuron death in mice, flies -- and perhaps people Posted: 06 Jul 2010 02:00 PM PDT A team of researchers has identified a key player in the dramatic loss of neurons in mice and fly models, a discovery that could help illuminate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in human neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease.

Barrier to faster integrated circuits may be mere speed bump, scientists say Posted: 06 Jul 2010 02:00 PM PDT Integrated circuits, which enable virtually every electronics gadget you use on a daily basis, are constantly being pushed by the semiconductor industry to become smaller, faster, and cheaper. As has happened many times in the past and will continue in the future, integrated circuit scaling is perpetually in danger of hitting a wall that must be maneuvered around. According to French researchers, in order to continue increasing the speed of integrated circuits, interconnect insulators will require an upgrade to porous, low-dielectric constant materials.

Many English speakers cannot understand basic grammar Posted: 06 Jul 2010 02:00 PM PDT Research into grammar suggests that a significant proportion of native English speakers are unable to understand some basic sentences. The findings - which undermine the assumption that all speakers have a core ability to use grammatical cues - could have significant implications for education, communication and linguistic theory.

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