Sunday, November 15, 2009

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News


Ancient penguin DNA raises doubts about accuracy of genetic dating techniques

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 02:00 PM PST

Penguins that died 44,000 years ago in Antarctica have provided extraordinary frozen DNA samples that challenge the accuracy of traditional genetic aging measurements, and suggest those approaches have been routinely underestimating the age of many specimens by 200 to 600 percent.

Ideal nanoparticle cancer therapies surf the bloodstream

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 02:00 PM PST

Researchers are studying blood using computer models that simulate how the fluid and the cells it contains move around. One new study shows how components in blood line up to prepare for healing; another demonstrates the best shape to use for man-made nanoparticles that target cancers -- a surfboard.

Improving security with face recognition technology

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 02:00 PM PST

A number of US states now use facial recognition technology when issuing drivers licenses. Similar methods are also used to grant access to buildings and to verify the identities of international travelers. Historically, obtaining accurate results with this type of technology has been a time intensive activity. Now, researchers have developed ways to make the technology more efficient while improving accuracy.

Runners: Train less and be faster

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 02:00 PM PST

A new scientific study demonstrates that by reducing the volume of training by 25% and introducing speed endurance training, endurance trained runners can improve not only short-term but also long-term performance.

Self-cleaning silicone gel insect wings

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 02:00 PM PST

Researchers are flying the idea that insect wings could act as a model for making self-cleaning, frictionless, and superhydrophobic materials.

Longevity tied to genes that preserve tips of chromosomes

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 08:00 AM PST

Scientists have found a clear link between living to 100 and inheriting a hyperactive version of an enzyme that rebuilds telomeres -- the tip ends of chromosomes.

Teenage Obesity Linked To Increased Risk Of Multiple Sclerosis

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 08:00 AM PST

Teenage women who are obese may be more than twice as likely to develop multiple sclerosis as adults compared to female teens who are not obese, according to a new study.

Lab Machine To Study Glacial Sliding Related To Rising Sea Levels Created

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 08:00 AM PST

Researchers have created a glacier in a freezer that could help scientists understand how glaciers slide across their beds. That could help researchers predict how climate change accelerates glacier sliding and contributes to rising sea levels.

Genetic Changes Shown To Be Important Indicators For Disease Progression In Cervical Cancer Patients

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 08:00 AM PST

Cervical cancer patients with specific changes in the cancer genome have a three- or fourfold increased risk of relapse after standard treatment compared to patients without these changes, according to a new study. The research suggests that specific genetic changes are crucial steps in the progression of the disease towards an aggressive and treatment-resistant state.

Computer Database Compresses DNA Sequences Used In Medical Research

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 08:00 AM PST

Researchers in Egypt have developed a technique to compress DNA sequences of the kind used in medical research so that they take up a lot less space in a computer database but without loss of information.

Many People With Hemianopia Have Difficulty Detecting Pedestrians While Driving

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 08:00 AM PST

Scientists have found that -- when tested in a driving simulator -- patients with hemianopia have significantly more difficulty detecting pedestrians than normally sighted people. These results fly in the face of some recent on-road studies that have found most people with hemianopia safe to drive.

Dopamine enhances expectation of pleasure in humans

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 02:00 AM PST

Enhancing the effects of the brain chemical dopamine influences how people make life choices by affecting expectations of pleasure, according to new research.

Two Units Of Umbilical Cord Blood Reduce Risk Of Leukemia Recurrence

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 02:00 AM PST

Patients who have acute leukemia and are transplanted with two units of umbilical cord blood (UCB) have significantly reduced risk of the disease returning. This finding has the potential to change the current medical practice of using one unit of UCB for treatment of patients who are at high risk for recurrence of leukemia and other cancers of the blood and bone marrow.

Cave Study Links Climate Change To California Droughts

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 02:00 AM PST

California experienced centuries-long droughts in the past 20,000 years that coincided with the thawing of ice caps in the Arctic, according to analysis of stalagmites from a cave in the Sierra Nevada.

Popular Anti-platelet Therapy Reduces Risk Of Cardiovascular Events In Men And Women

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 02:00 AM PST

A new study adds to a growing body of research seeking to evaluate and understand possible sex differences associated with anti-platelet therapies.

Sculptured Materials Allow Multiple Channel Plasmonic Sensors

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 02:00 AM PST

Sensors, communications devices and imaging equipment that use a prism and a special form of light -- a surface plasmon-polariton -- may incorporate multiple channels or redundant applications if manufacturers use sculptured thin films.

Ethnic Pride May Boost African-American Teens' Mental Health

Posted: 15 Nov 2009 02:00 AM PST

A study of more than 250 African-American youths from urban, low-income families examined the unique effects of racial identity and self esteem on mental health. Findings reveal that when young people's feelings of ethnic pride rose between 7th and 8th grades, their mental health also improved over that period, regardless of their self-esteem. The researchers also found that racial identity was a stronger buffer against symptoms of depression for boys than for girls.

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