ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• New Analyses Of Dinosaur Growth May Wipe Out One-third Of Species
• Donor Race May Impact Kidney Transplant Survival
• Major Advance In Human Antibody Therapy Against Deadly Nipah Virus
• High-definition Colonoscopy Detects More Polyps, Researchers Say
• New DNA Method Makes It Easier To Trace Criminals
• Stress-induced Changes In Brain Circuitry Linked To Cocaine Relapse
• Regeneration Can Be Achieved After Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
• Progress Made On Group B Streptococcus Vaccine
• Interactions With Aerosols Boost Warming Potential Of Some Gases
• Placental Precursor Stem Cells Require Testosterone-free Environment To Survive
• LANL Roadrunner Models Nonlinear Physics Of High-power Lasers
• Gay Men Prefer Masculine-faced Men, Study Suggests
• Opening Up A Colorful Cosmic Jewel Box
• Surgery Potentially Best Option For Severe Migraine Headaches
• Largest Bat In Europe Inhabited Northeastern Spain More Than 10,000 Years Ago
• Genetic Links To Fungal Infection Risk Identified
• Remotely Operated Vehicles And Satellite Tags Aid Turtle Studies
• 'Culture Of We' Buffers Genetic Tendency To Depression
• HIV Tamed By Designer 'Leash'
• Researchers Find Brain Cell Transplants Help Repair Neural Damage
• Battery Of The Future: New Storage Material Improves Energy Density Of Lithium-ion Battery
• New Insight In The Fight Against The Leishmania Parasite
• All-electric Spintronics Created
• What You See Is Not Always What You Do

New Analyses Of Dinosaur Growth May Wipe Out One-third Of Species Posted: 31 Oct 2009 08:00 AM PDT Paleontologists Mark Goodwin and Jack Horner have dug for 11 years in Montana's Hell Creek Formation in search of every dinosaur fossil they can find, accumulating specimens of all stages of development. Their new report on the growth stages of dome-headed dinosaurs shows that two named species are really just young pachycephalosaurs. They say that perhaps one-third of all named dinosaurs may not be separate species, but juvenile or subadult stages of other known dinosaurs.

Donor Race May Impact Kidney Transplant Survival Posted: 31 Oct 2009 08:00 AM PDT The race of kidney donors may affect the survival rates of transplant recipients, according to a new study.

Major Advance In Human Antibody Therapy Against Deadly Nipah Virus Posted: 31 Oct 2009 08:00 AM PDT Scientists report a major step forward in the development of an effective therapy against two deadly viruses, Nipah virus and the related Hendra virus.

High-definition Colonoscopy Detects More Polyps, Researchers Say Posted: 31 Oct 2009 08:00 AM PDT High-definition colonoscopy is much more sensitive than standard colonoscopy in finding polyps that could morph into cancer, say researchers.

New DNA Method Makes It Easier To Trace Criminals Posted: 31 Oct 2009 08:00 AM PDT DNA samples often convict criminals. But many of today's forensic tests are so polluted by soil, tobacco and food remains, for example, that they can not be used. Now researchers in Sweden have improved a critical part of the analysis process. The first findings indicate that the new method strengthens the DNA analysis so that previously negative samples yield positive and usable DNA profiles.

Stress-induced Changes In Brain Circuitry Linked To Cocaine Relapse Posted: 31 Oct 2009 08:00 AM PDT Stress-evoked changes in circuits that regulate serotonin in certain parts of the brain can precipitate a low mood and a relapse of cocaine-seeking, based on mouse studies.

Regeneration Can Be Achieved After Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Posted: 31 Oct 2009 02:00 AM PDT Scientists report that regeneration of central nervous system axons can be achieved in rats even when treatment delayed is more than a year after the original spinal cord injury.

Progress Made On Group B Streptococcus Vaccine Posted: 31 Oct 2009 02:00 AM PDT Scientists have completed a phase II clinical study that indicates a vaccine to prevent Group B Streptococcus infection is possible.

Interactions With Aerosols Boost Warming Potential Of Some Gases Posted: 31 Oct 2009 02:00 AM PDT For decades, climate scientists have worked to identify and measure key substances -- notably greenhouse gases and aerosol particles -- that affect Earth's climate. And they've been aided by ever more sophisticated computer models that make estimating the relative impact of each type of pollutant more reliable. Yet the complexity of nature -- and the models used to quantify it -- continues to serve up surprises. The most recent? Certain gases that cause warming are so closely linked with the production of aerosols that the emissions of one type of pollutant can indirectly affect the quantity of the other. And for two key gases that cause warming, these so-called "gas-aerosol interactions" can amplify their impact.

Placental Precursor Stem Cells Require Testosterone-free Environment To Survive Posted: 31 Oct 2009 02:00 AM PDT Trophoblast stem cells, found in the layer of peripheral embryonic stem cells from which the placenta is formed, are thought to exhibit "immune privilege" that aids cell survivability and is potentially beneficial for cell and gene therapies. Survivability of TSCs has been thought to require the presence of ovarian hormones. This study, however, demonstrates that it is the absence of male hormones, rather than the presence of female hormones, that allows extended transplanted cell survivability.

LANL Roadrunner Models Nonlinear Physics Of High-power Lasers Posted: 31 Oct 2009 02:00 AM PDT Scientists are using an adapted version of VPIC, a particle-in-cell plasma physics code, to model the nonlinear physics of laser backscatter energy transfer and plasma instabilities in an attempt to reach fusion ignition.

Gay Men Prefer Masculine-faced Men, Study Suggests Posted: 31 Oct 2009 02:00 AM PDT New research suggests that regardless of sexual orientation, men prefer sexual dimorphism in faces. This study finds that gay men preferred the most masculine-faced men, while straight men preferred the most feminine-faced women. The findings suggest that regardless of sexual orientation, men's brains are wired for attraction to sexually dimorphic faces -- those with facial features that are most synonymous with their gender.

Opening Up A Colorful Cosmic Jewel Box Posted: 30 Oct 2009 05:00 PM PDT The combination of images taken by three exceptional telescopes, the ESO Very Large Telescope on Cerro Paranal, the MPG/ESO 2.2-m telescope at ESO's La Silla observatory and the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, has allowed the stunning Jewel Box star cluster to be seen in a whole new light.

Surgery Potentially Best Option For Severe Migraine Headaches Posted: 30 Oct 2009 05:00 PM PDT In newly released research, 79 migraine sufferers were followed for at least five years after having undergone detection of migraine "trigger sites" and surgery. New data find promising outcomes for treating trigger sites surgically for migraine headaches resulting in elimination of pain for those afflicted with the condition.

Largest Bat In Europe Inhabited Northeastern Spain More Than 10,000 Years Ago Posted: 30 Oct 2009 05:00 PM PDT Spanish researchers have confirmed that the largest bat in Europe, Nyctalus lasiopterus, was present in north-eastern Spain during the Late Pleistocene. The Greater Noctule fossils found in the excavation site at Abric Romani prove that this bat had a greater geographical presence more than 10,000 years ago than it does today, having declined due to the reduction in vegetation cover.

Genetic Links To Fungal Infection Risk Identified Posted: 30 Oct 2009 05:00 PM PDT Two genetic mutations that may put individuals at increased risk of fungal infections have been identified by scientists, increasing understanding about the genetic basis of these infections and potentially aiding the development of new treatments.

Remotely Operated Vehicles And Satellite Tags Aid Turtle Studies Posted: 30 Oct 2009 05:00 PM PDT Researchers are using a remotely operated vehicle and satellite-linked data loggers to learn more about turtle behavior in commercial fishing areas and to develop new ways to avoid catching turtles in fishing gear. This marks the first time an ROV has been used to follow turtles in the wild to learn about their behavior and how they interact with their habitat

'Culture Of We' Buffers Genetic Tendency To Depression Posted: 30 Oct 2009 05:00 PM PDT A genetic tendency to depression is much less likely to be realized in a culture centered on collectivistic rather than individualistic values, according to a new study. In other words, a genetic vulnerability to depression is much more likely to be realized in a Western culture than an East Asian culture that is more about we than me-me-me. The study takes a global look at mental health across social groups and nations.

HIV Tamed By Designer 'Leash' Posted: 30 Oct 2009 02:00 PM PDT Researchers have shown how an antiviral protein produced by the immune system, dubbed tetherin, tames HIV and other viruses by literally putting them on a leash, to prevent their escape from infected cells. The insights allowed the research team to design a completely artificial protein -- one that did not resemble native tetherin in its sequence at all -- that could nonetheless put a similar stop to the virus.

Researchers Find Brain Cell Transplants Help Repair Neural Damage Posted: 30 Oct 2009 02:00 PM PDT A study aimed at determining whether autografted cells derived from primate cortical gray matter, cultured for one month and re-implanted in the caudate nucleus of dopamine depleted primates, effectively survived and migrated. When transplanted, autologous cells, derived from the most dopamine depleted region of the caudate nucleus, migrated, re-implanted into the right caudate nucleus, and migrated through the corpus callosum to the contralateral striatum. Re-implanted cells survived at rate of 50 percent four months post-implantation.

Battery Of The Future: New Storage Material Improves Energy Density Of Lithium-ion Battery Posted: 30 Oct 2009 02:00 PM PDT High-performance energy storage technologies for the automotive industry or mobile phone batteries and notebooks providing long battery times – these visions of the future are being brought one step nearer. Researchers have developed a new method that utilizes silicon for lithium-ion batteries. Its storage capacity is ten times higher than the graphite substrate which has been used up to now, and promises considerable improvements for users.

New Insight In The Fight Against The Leishmania Parasite Posted: 30 Oct 2009 02:00 PM PDT Medical researchers have gained a better understanding of how the Leishmania donovani parasite manages to outsmart the human immune system and proliferate with impunity, causing visceral leishmaniasis, a chronic infection that is potentially fatal if left untreated.

All-electric Spintronics Created Posted: 30 Oct 2009 02:00 PM PDT Scientists have always attempted to develop spin transistors by incorporating local ferromagnets into device architectures. A far better and practical way to manipulate the orientation of an electron's spin would be by using purely electrical means. Researchers have now found an innovative and novel way to control an electron's spin orientation using purely electrical means.

What You See Is Not Always What You Do Posted: 30 Oct 2009 02:00 PM PDT Imagine: during lunch your colleague throws an apple to you. You catch it (of course) without difficulty. But what actually happened? Did you consciously decide to catch the apple with two hands? And how did your hands know where they had to be to catch the apple? According to a Dutch researcher, you can catch an apple like this thanks to the close cooperation between two separate visual systems. He has now established for the first time how these areas cooperate.

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