ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• New Technology Detects Chemical Weapons In Seconds
• Frozen Assets: Decades-old Frozen Infant Stool Samples Provide Clues To Norovirus Evolution
• Identifying Cows That Gain More While Eating Less
• 'No Major Role For Fish' In The Prevention Of Heart Failure, Study Suggests
• More Powerful Internet Access On Airplanes And Trains
• Researchers Probe Computer 'Commonsense Knowledge'
• Nitrogen Cycle: Key Ingredient In Climate Model Refines Global Predictions
• Enhanced Stem Cells Promote Tissue Regeneration
• No Place Like Home: Africa's Big Cats Show Postcode Preference
• NIH Prepares To Launch 2009 H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Trial In People With Asthma
• Building A Better Qubit: Combining Six Photons Avoids Quantum Data Scrambling
• Where Religious Belief And Disbelief Meet
• 3-D Structure Of Human Genome: Fractal Globule Architecture Packs Two Meters Of DNA Into Each Cell
• Gene Data Tool Advances Prospects For Personalized Medicine
• Tropical Regions To Be Hardest Hit By Fisheries Shifts Caused By Climate Change
• NIH Launches 2009 H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Trials In HIV-infected Pregnant Women
• Novel Drug Screening Method: Informative Swellings
• Vision Influences Adults' Success And Health; Prenatal Factors May Be Crucial
• DAF Protects Against Atherosclerosis
• Prostate Cancer: Dissecting Out Metastasis
• Immune Cells Key To Abdominal Drainage
• B-Cell Lymphoma Protected By SPAK Silencing
• Signs Of Macular Degeneration May Predict Heart Disease
• Today's Type 1 Diabetes Patients Enjoy Better Vision Than Those In Decades Past
• Smoking During Pregnancy A Cause Of Social Inequality In Stillbirths

New Technology Detects Chemical Weapons In Seconds Posted: 11 Oct 2009 02:00 PM PDT Scientists are developing new sensors to detect chemical agents and illegal drugs which will help in the fight against the threat of terrorist attacks.

Frozen Assets: Decades-old Frozen Infant Stool Samples Provide Clues To Norovirus Evolution Posted: 11 Oct 2009 02:00 PM PDT A search through decades-old frozen infant stool samples has yielded rich dividends for scientists. They have customized a laboratory technique to screen thousands of samples for norovirus, a major cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in people of all ages. What they discovered about the rate of evolution of a specific group of noroviruses could help researchers develop specific antiviral drugs and, potentially, a vaccine against a disease that is very unpleasant and sometimes deadly.

Identifying Cows That Gain More While Eating Less Posted: 11 Oct 2009 02:00 PM PDT Cows might be able to gain more weight while consuming less, potentially saving farmers up to 40 percent of feed costs.

'No Major Role For Fish' In The Prevention Of Heart Failure, Study Suggests Posted: 11 Oct 2009 02:00 PM PDT The consumption of fish has no major role in the prevention of heart failure, according to results from a large prospective population study. The study, which was started in 1990 and involved all men and women over the age of 55 living in a suburb of Rotterdam, found no difference in the risk of developing heart failure between those who did eat fish and those who didn't.

More Powerful Internet Access On Airplanes And Trains Posted: 11 Oct 2009 02:00 PM PDT For the first time, researchers have demonstrated 60 GHz broadband radio for wireless transmission of HD video data, HDTV, live. The findings mean more robust transmissions that are less susceptible to interference.

Researchers Probe Computer 'Commonsense Knowledge' Posted: 11 Oct 2009 02:00 PM PDT Challenge a simple pocket calculator at arithmetic and you may be left in the dust. But even the most sophisticated computer cannot match the reasoning of a youngster who looks outside, sees a fresh snowfall, and knows how to bundle up for the frosty outdoors. For artificial intelligence scientists, enabling computers to have such human-level intelligence requires a commonsense knowledge base that can evolve and learn new things. But it's an elusive goal.

Nitrogen Cycle: Key Ingredient In Climate Model Refines Global Predictions Posted: 11 Oct 2009 08:00 AM PDT For the first time, climate scientists from across the country have successfully incorporated the nitrogen cycle into global simulations for climate change, questioning previous assumptions regarding carbon feedback and potentially helping to refine model forecasts about global warming.

Enhanced Stem Cells Promote Tissue Regeneration Posted: 11 Oct 2009 08:00 AM PDT Engineers have boosted stem cells' ability to regenerate vascular tissue (such as blood vessels) by equipping them with genes that produce extra growth factors (naturally occurring compounds that stimulate tissue growth). In a study in mice, the researchers found that the stem cells successfully generated blood vessels near the site of an injury, allowing damaged tissue to survive.

No Place Like Home: Africa's Big Cats Show Postcode Preference Posted: 11 Oct 2009 08:00 AM PDT The secret lives of some of Africa's iconic carnivores, including big cats, are revealed in a new study. The results shed light on how different habitats are used by some of Tanzania's most elusive meat eaters, such as the leopard.

NIH Prepares To Launch 2009 H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Trial In People With Asthma Posted: 11 Oct 2009 08:00 AM PDT The National Institutes of Health is preparing to launch the first government-sponsored clinical trial to determine what dose of the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine is needed to induce a protective immune response in people with asthma, especially those with severe disease.

Building A Better Qubit: Combining Six Photons Avoids Quantum Data Scrambling Posted: 11 Oct 2009 08:00 AM PDT The qubits that carry quantum information are typically fragile, but a new method of combing six photons leads to robust qubits that are immune to many of the effects that threaten to scramble quantum data.

Where Religious Belief And Disbelief Meet Posted: 11 Oct 2009 08:00 AM PDT While the human brain responds very differently to religious and nonreligious propositions, the process of believing or disbelieving a statement, whether religious or not, seems to be governed by the same areas in the brain.

3-D Structure Of Human Genome: Fractal Globule Architecture Packs Two Meters Of DNA Into Each Cell Posted: 11 Oct 2009 02:00 AM PDT Scientists have deciphered the three-dimensional structure of the human genome, paving the way for new insights into genomic function and expanding our understanding of how cellular DNA folds at scales that dwarf the double helix. The researchers describe a new technology called Hi-C and apply it to answer the thorny question of how each of our cells stows some three billion base pairs of DNA while maintaining access to functionally crucial segments.

Gene Data Tool Advances Prospects For Personalized Medicine Posted: 11 Oct 2009 02:00 AM PDT A sophisticated computational algorithm, applied to a large set of gene markers, has achieved greater accuracy than conventional methods in assessing individual risk for type 1 diabetes. The researchers suggest that their technique, applied to appropriate complex multigenic diseases, improves the prospects for personalizing medicine to an individual's genetic profile.

Tropical Regions To Be Hardest Hit By Fisheries Shifts Caused By Climate Change Posted: 11 Oct 2009 02:00 AM PDT Major shifts in fisheries distribution due to climate change will affect food security in tropical regions most adversely, according to a new study.

NIH Launches 2009 H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Trials In HIV-infected Pregnant Women Posted: 11 Oct 2009 02:00 AM PDT The first clinical trials to test whether the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine can safely elicit a protective immune response in pregnant women has just been launched, and a trial to conduct the same test in HIV-infected children and youth will begin mid-October.

Novel Drug Screening Method: Informative Swellings Posted: 11 Oct 2009 02:00 AM PDT A screening method for bioactive small molecules to treat vascular diseases and an in vivo functional test in a whole animal at the same time: researchers achieved this feat with the aid of the frog Xenopus.

Vision Influences Adults' Success And Health; Prenatal Factors May Be Crucial Posted: 11 Oct 2009 02:00 AM PDT Impaired vision is associated with unemployment, low socioeconomic status, and general and mental health problems, says a long-term study. Poor vision was also associated with low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and socioeconomic deprivation in early childhood. The findings held true for all causes and levels of impairment. This is one of the largest studies to examine the impact of visual disability on social and occupational success.

DAF Protects Against Atherosclerosis Posted: 09 Oct 2009 09:00 PM PDT Researchers have discovered that decay accelerating factor (DAF) protects against atherosclerosis.

Prostate Cancer: Dissecting Out Metastasis Posted: 09 Oct 2009 09:00 PM PDT Researchers have found that urokine plasminogen activator (uPA) may be instrumental in the early stages of metastasis. Prostate cancer, which develops most frequently in men over fifty, is the most common type of cancer of men in the United States. Most prostate cancer-related deaths are due to advanced disease, which often results in metastatic spread to other organs.

Immune Cells Key To Abdominal Drainage Posted: 09 Oct 2009 09:00 PM PDT Researchers have discovered that macrophages, a type of immune cell, impair fluid drainage during peritoneal inflammation. Lymphatic vessels in the diaphragm are responsible for draining excess peritoneal fluid, which lubricates most of the organs in the abdomen. During peritoneal inflammation, however, these vessels have altered structure and function.

B-Cell Lymphoma Protected By SPAK Silencing Posted: 09 Oct 2009 09:00 PM PDT Scientists have demonstrated that misregulation of the protein SPAK may contribute to B-cell lymphoma development.

Signs Of Macular Degeneration May Predict Heart Disease Posted: 09 Oct 2009 09:00 PM PDT A large study found strong evidence that older people who have age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are at increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), although not for stroke. This result adds to mounting evidence that AMD and cardiovascular disease may share some risk factors--smoking, high blood pressure, inflammatory indicators such as C-reactive protein, genetic variants such as complement factor H--and disease mechanisms.

Today's Type 1 Diabetes Patients Enjoy Better Vision Than Those In Decades Past Posted: 09 Oct 2009 09:00 PM PDT People diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in recent years are less likely to develop diabetes-related vision loss than those diagnosed in earlier years, says a new study. Forecasts of visual impairment prevalence in T1D patients may need to be amended, the researchers suggest, since current predictions assume that the earlier incidence rates will continue.

Smoking During Pregnancy A Cause Of Social Inequality In Stillbirths Posted: 09 Oct 2009 09:00 PM PDT Tackling smoking during pregnancy may help to reduce socio-economic inequalities in stillbirths and infant deaths by as much as 30 to 40 per cent, according to a new study. Smoking during pregnancy has been clearly linked to stillbirth and infant deaths, and smoking rates during pregnancy vary markedly with socio-economic position.

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