ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Microorganisms cited as missing factor in climate change equation
• Severe asymptomatic heart disease may accompany narrowing in leg arteries
• Brooding fishes take up nutrients from their own children
• Breast cancer survival improves if Herceptin is used with chemotherapy
• Loss of sea ice stirs up Arctic waters
• How you remember dance steps depends on culture: I think step to the left, you think step to the east
• Using modern sequencing techniques to study ancient humans
• Acute stress leaves epigenetic marks on the hippocampus
• Fault weaknesses, the center cannot hold for some geologic faults
• 'Notch'ing up a role in the multisystem disease tuberous sclerosis complex
• Architectural design: Blowing metal to create chairs and more
• Low-income women four times more likely to report fair or poor health
• To a mosquito, matchmaking means 'singing' in perfect harmony
• Psoriasis: Effects don’t always stop with the skin
• How ubiquitin chains are added to cell-cycle proteins: May lead to targeted cancer therapies
• Osteopontin contributes to allergic contact dermatitis
• Cross-border conservation efforts can yield better results at less cost
• Increased risk of death, stroke in postmenopausal women taking antidepressants, study finds
• Geosciences: Melt rises to Earth's surface up to 25 times faster than previously assumed
• Multitasking may be Achilles heel for hepatitis C
• Scientists visualize how a vital hepatitis C virus protein moves along its nucleic acid substrate
• Inflammatory mediator regulates diarrhea in inflammatory bowel disease
• Three new alkaloids found in winter snowdrop plants
• Pharmacists improve care of diabetics while cutting costs, research shows

Microorganisms cited as missing factor in climate change equation Posted: 04 Jan 2010 08:00 AM PST Those seeking to understand and predict climate change can now use an additional tool to calculate carbon dioxide exchanges on land, according to a new article.

Severe asymptomatic heart disease may accompany narrowing in leg arteries Posted: 04 Jan 2010 08:00 AM PST Results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial reveal that one in five patients with narrowing or blockage in arteries that supply blood to the legs and other parts of the body also have significant but silent coronary artery disease.

Brooding fishes take up nutrients from their own children Posted: 04 Jan 2010 08:00 AM PST In the pipefish, the male cares for the offspring. Apart from the ones he sucks the life out of. Researchers have just discovery filial cannibalism in the pipefish.

Breast cancer survival improves if Herceptin is used with chemotherapy Posted: 04 Jan 2010 08:00 AM PST Using Herceptin with chemotherapy, instead of after, clearly improves treatment of women with HER2+ breast cancer, and should be the new standard of care, says a researcher.

Loss of sea ice stirs up Arctic waters Posted: 04 Jan 2010 08:00 AM PST The Arctic Ocean is generally considered a remarkably quiet ocean, with very little mixing, because a cover of sea ice prevents wind from driving the formation of internal waves. To study this effect and investigate how melting sea ice might affect ocean mixing in the Arctic, researchers analyzed data from moorings in the northern Chukchi Sea.

How you remember dance steps depends on culture: I think step to the left, you think step to the east Posted: 04 Jan 2010 08:00 AM PST Even the way people remember dance moves depends on the culture they come from, according to a new article. Whereas a German or other Westerner might think in terms of "step to the right, step to the left," a nomadic hunter-gatherer from Namibia might think something more like "step to the east, step to the west."

Using modern sequencing techniques to study ancient humans Posted: 04 Jan 2010 05:00 AM PST DNA that is left in the remains of long-dead plants, animals or humans allows a direct look into the history of evolution.

Acute stress leaves epigenetic marks on the hippocampus Posted: 04 Jan 2010 05:00 AM PST In trying to explain psychiatric disorders, genes simply cannot tell the whole story. The real answers are in the interaction of genes and the environment. Post-traumatic stress disorder requires some trauma, for instance, and people, for the most part, aren't born depressed. Now research has revealed one mechanism by which a stressful experience changes the way that genes are expressed in the rat brain. The discovery of "epigenetic" regulation of genes in the brain is helping change the way scientists think about psychiatric disorders and could open new avenues to treatment.

Fault weaknesses, the center cannot hold for some geologic faults Posted: 04 Jan 2010 05:00 AM PST Some geologic faults that appear strong and stable, slip and slide like weak faults. Now geologists have provided laboratory evidence showing why some faults that "should not" slip are weaker than previously thought.

'Notch'ing up a role in the multisystem disease tuberous sclerosis complex Posted: 04 Jan 2010 05:00 AM PST Two independent teams of researchers have identified a role for enhanced activation of the signaling protein Notch in tumors characterized by inactivation of either the TSC1 or the TSC2 protein. These data provide a rationale for testing whether Notch inhibitors are of benefit to those with TSC-associated tumors.

Architectural design: Blowing metal to create chairs and more Posted: 04 Jan 2010 05:00 AM PST Instead making complicated folds in sheet metal to give it strength, two architects simply inflate the space between sheet metal shapes. Thanks to a new welding robot in a new workshop, they can now produce large structures measuring up to three by six meters.

Low-income women four times more likely to report fair or poor health Posted: 04 Jan 2010 05:00 AM PST Low-income women are four times more likely to report fair or poor health, and nearly twice as likely to report a health condition that limits one or more of the basic physical activities, according to a new policy brief. They also experience inadequate access to health insurance and health care to a far greater degree than higher-income women, the study found.

To a mosquito, matchmaking means 'singing' in perfect harmony Posted: 04 Jan 2010 02:00 AM PST Researchers have new insight into the sex lives of the much-maligned mosquitoes that are responsible for the vast majority of malaria deaths, according to a new study. In finding a partner of the right species type, male and female mosquitoes depend on their ability to "sing" in perfect harmony. Those tones are produced and varied based on the frequency of their wing beats in flight.

Psoriasis: Effects don’t always stop with the skin Posted: 04 Jan 2010 02:00 AM PST Psoriasis, a chronic disease that causes red, raised patches of skin, is increasingly seen as a systemic disease with links to arthritis and cardiovascular disease.

How ubiquitin chains are added to cell-cycle proteins: May lead to targeted cancer therapies Posted: 04 Jan 2010 02:00 AM PST Researchers have been able to view in detail, and for the first time, the previously mysterious process by which long chains of a protein called ubiquitin are added by enzymes called ubiquitin ligases to proteins that control the cell cycle. Ubiquitin chains tag target proteins for destruction by protein-degrading complexes in the cell.

Osteopontin contributes to allergic contact dermatitis Posted: 04 Jan 2010 02:00 AM PST Researchers in Germany have discovered that osteopontin (OPN) contributes to allergic contact dermatitis.

Cross-border conservation efforts can yield better results at less cost Posted: 04 Jan 2010 02:00 AM PST Coordination of conservation efforts across national boundaries could achieve significantly higher results and at less cost than conservation actions planned within individual states, researchers have found.

Increased risk of death, stroke in postmenopausal women taking antidepressants, study finds Posted: 04 Jan 2010 02:00 AM PST Women participating in the Women's Health Initiative study who reported taking an antidepressant drug had a small but statistically significant increase in the risk of stroke and of death compared with participants not taking antidepressants. The authors of the study note that their findings are not conclusive but may signify a need for additional attention to patients' cardiovascular risk factors.

Geosciences: Melt rises to Earth's surface up to 25 times faster than previously assumed Posted: 03 Jan 2010 11:00 PM PST Scientists have successfully determined the permeability of the asthenosphere in the Earth's upper mantle and thus the rate at which melt rises to the Earth's surface: it flows up to 25 times faster than previously assumed. Thermo-mechanical and geochemical models on melt flows in volcanoes now have to be reconsidered.

Multitasking may be Achilles heel for hepatitis C Posted: 03 Jan 2010 11:00 PM PST Despite its tiny genome, the hepatitis C virus packs a mean punch. The virus is a microcosm of efficiency, and each of its amino acids plays multiple roles in its survival and ability to sidestep attack. But new research suggests that this fancy footwork and multitasking could be the key to bringing down the virus. The work, which focuses on a once-ignored protein, provides insights on how drug therapy for sufferers of the disease might be improved.

Scientists visualize how a vital hepatitis C virus protein moves along its nucleic acid substrate Posted: 03 Jan 2010 11:00 PM PST By taking three conformational snapshots of a hepatitis C virus motor protein in association with its substrate, researchers have provided the first structural explanation of how a representative superfamily 2 helicase moves unidirectionally along nucleic acid, suggesting new ways that drug designers could block virus replication.

Inflammatory mediator regulates diarrhea in inflammatory bowel disease Posted: 03 Jan 2010 11:00 PM PST Researchers have discovered that activation of NF-kappaB, an inflammatory mediator, results in diarrhea in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Three new alkaloids found in winter snowdrop plants Posted: 03 Jan 2010 11:00 PM PST Scientists have identified 17 bioactive compounds in winter snowdrops, the earliest flowering plants in Europe. Out of the alkaloids identified, three are new to science and belong to a group with potential applications in treating malaria and Alzheimer's disease.

Pharmacists improve care of diabetics while cutting costs, research shows Posted: 03 Jan 2010 11:00 PM PST The role of pharmacists hasn't received much attention in the debate on the cost of health care. But national and regional studies show that when pharmacists directly participate in patient care, they significantly reduce treatment costs and improve outcomes.

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