ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

Hundreds Of Identical Species Thrive In Both Arctic And Antarctic Posted: 16 Feb 2009 08:00 AM PST The Arctic and Antarctic have revealed a trove of secrets to Census of Marine Life explorers, who were especially surprised to find at least 235 species live in both polar seas despite a distance of more than 13,000-km distance in between. Among many other findings, scientists also documented evidence of cold water-loving species shifting towards both poles to escape rising ocean temperatures. The discoveries were made on a series of landmark, often perilous voyages during International Polar Year, 2007-2008.

Shortening Telomeres Linked To Aging In Population Studies, But Original Telomere Length Varies Between Individuals Posted: 16 Feb 2009 08:00 AM PST Researchers have shown that the shortening of telomeres in pace with increasing age, as demonstrated in population studies, does not apply at the individual level. The attrition rate seems to mainly depend on the original length of the telomeres, which indicates that some individuals can even have longer telomeres over time.

Ancient Geologic Escape Hatches Mistaken For Tube Worms Posted: 16 Feb 2009 08:00 AM PST New study finds Colorado fossils previously identified as tube worms are actually ancient methane venting structures. The findings could lead to new concerns for underground carbon dioxide storage plans.

Vitamin E May Decrease Mortality Of Elderly Male Smokers, Yet Increase Mortality Of Middle-aged Smokers Posted: 16 Feb 2009 08:00 AM PST Six-year vitamin E supplementation decreased mortality by 41% in elderly male smokers who had high dietary vitamin C intake, but increased mortality by 19% in middle-aged smokers who had high vitamin C intake.

Tandem Mission Brings Ocean Currents Into Sharper Focus Posted: 16 Feb 2009 08:00 AM PST When the two ocean-observing satellites OSTM/Jason-2 and Jason-1 begin their tandem mission in February, they'll be flying in a new configuration designed to get the most detailed measurements possible of the ocean surface. They'll enable scientists to distinguish much smaller ocean features than they could with only one satellite and see more quickly how these features change over time.

Perception Of Time Pressure Impairs Performance Posted: 16 Feb 2009 08:00 AM PST A psychology student recently studied 163 subjects performing the Iowa Gambling Task, a popular psychological assessment tool, to investigate the effect of perceived time pressure on a learning-based task. His study is the first to look at the relationship between perceived time pressure and IGT performance.

Songbirds Fly Three Times Faster Than Expected Posted: 16 Feb 2009 05:00 AM PST Researcher have tracked the migration of songbirds by outfitting them with tiny geolocator backpacks -- a world first -- revealing that scientists have underestimated their flight performance dramatically.

New Test For Mysterious Metabolic Diseases Posted: 16 Feb 2009 05:00 AM PST Scientists have devised a much-needed way to monitor and find treatments for a mysterious and devastating group of metabolic diseases that arise from mutations in cells' fuel-burning mechanism.

Draft Version Of The Neanderthal Genome Completed Posted: 16 Feb 2009 05:00 AM PST Scientists they have completed a first draft version of the Neandertal genome.

First Brain Study Reveals Benefits Of Exercise On Quitting Smoking Posted: 16 Feb 2009 05:00 AM PST Research reveals for the first time, that changes in brain activity, triggered by physical exercise, may help reduce cigarette cravings. The study shows how exercise changes the way the brain processes information among smokers, thereby reducing their cravings for nicotine. For the first time, researchers used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to investigate how the brain processes images of cigarettes after exercise.

Simplicity Is Crucial To Design Optimization At Nanoscale Posted: 16 Feb 2009 05:00 AM PST Researchers who study the structure of protein-based materials to learn the key to their lightweight and robust strength have discovered that the particular arrangement of proteins that produces the sturdiest product is not the arrangement with the most built-in redundancy or the most complicated pattern. Instead, the optimal arrangement of proteins in the rope-like structures they studied is a repeated pattern of two stacks of four bundled alpha-helical proteins.

Genetic Risk For Substance Use Can Be Neutralized By Good Parenting Posted: 16 Feb 2009 05:00 AM PST A genetic risk factor that increases the likelihood that youth will engage in substance use can be neutralized by high levels of involved and supportive parenting, according to a new study.

Empathy Partly Based On Genes, Mouse Study Shows Posted: 16 Feb 2009 02:00 AM PST The ability to empathize with others is partially determined by genes, according to new research on mice.

Genetic 'Hotspot' For Breast Cancer Risk Posted: 16 Feb 2009 02:00 AM PST Investigators have identified a new genetic hotspot for breast cancer. They have identified a region on chromosome 6 that is strongly associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Asian women. This genetic "locus" may help guide efforts to find the specific genes linked with sporadic -- or noninherited -- forms of the disease, the authors suggest.

Cancer Diagnosis: Now In 3-D Posted: 16 Feb 2009 02:00 AM PST Researchers have developed a new kind of microscope to visualize cells in three dimensions, an advance that could bring great progress in the field of early cancer detection.

New Surgical Option For Wrist Arthritis Posted: 16 Feb 2009 02:00 AM PST Breaking a fall, such as a tumble on the sidewalk, with your hands and wrists is everyone's natural reflex. But, if you fall hard enough, you'll often fracture your radius bone, or even one of the smaller wrist bones and wrist ligaments. Left untreated, these injuries could lead to disabling wrist arthritis.

Air Pollution Too High Near Some US Schools Posted: 16 Feb 2009 02:00 AM PST Air pollution is dangerously high around schools near some U.S. industrial plants, according to a recent study.

Males Are More Tolerant Of Same-sex Peers. Study Shows Posted: 16 Feb 2009 02:00 AM PST Women have traditionally been viewed as being more social and cooperative than men. However, there is recent evidence that this may not be the case and new study in Psychological Science reveals that males are more tolerant than females of unrelated same-sex individuals. These findings suggest that gender differences in tolerance may be based on the different functions and expectations that same-sex friendships serve for males and females.

Toddlers' Gesturing Linked To Later Vocabulary And School Readiness Posted: 15 Feb 2009 11:00 PM PST Children who convey more meanings with gestures at age 14 months have much larger vocabularies at 54 months than children who convey fewer meanings and are accordingly better prepared for school, according to new research. The research showed that the differences particularly favored children from higher-income families with well-educated parents and may help explain the disadvantages some children from low-income families face upon entering school.

Deciphering The Body's Healing Secrets Posted: 15 Feb 2009 11:00 PM PST Healthy blood vessels play a key role in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Endothelial cells line the blood vessels and are critical to the regulation of blood vessel growth and function. Researchers at the Centenary Institute have discovered a mechanism that helps control the development of endothelial cells.

Babies & Robots: Infant Power Mobility On Display Posted: 15 Feb 2009 11:00 PM PST Children with mobility issues, like cerebral palsy and spina bifida, can't explore the world like other babies, because they can't crawl or walk. Infant development emerges from the thousands of daily discoveries experienced by babies as they move and explore their worlds.

Home Pregnancy Tests Can Lead To Better Prenatal Care Posted: 15 Feb 2009 11:00 PM PST The simple intervention of providing women who are having unprotected sex with a home pregnancy test could have a substantial impact on the health of potential newborns, according to a new study.

Climate Change Increasingly Impacting Investment Decisions Posted: 15 Feb 2009 11:00 PM PST Three-quarters of 80 global institutional investors factor climate change information into investment decisions and asset allocations. Some investor institutions are now willing to ask companies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.

Internal Choices Are Weaker Than Those Dictated By The Outside World Posted: 15 Feb 2009 11:00 PM PST The underlying sense of being in control of our own actions is challenged by new research which demonstrates that the choices we make internally are weak and easily overridden compared to when we are told which choice to make.

Mars Gullies May Have Been Formed By Flowing Liquid Brine Posted: 15 Feb 2009 08:00 PM PST Researchers have used chemistry and geology to create a model that may explain the mystery of how modern-day gullies form on the surface of Mars.

Vitamin B12 identified As An Effective Canker Sore Therapy, Study Suggests Posted: 15 Feb 2009 08:00 PM PST Physicians have discovered that a nightly dose of vitamin B12 is a simple, effective and low risk therapy to prevent Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis, better known as "canker sores." According to the lead researcher, "the frequency of RAS is as much as 25 percent in the general population."

Molecule That Suppresses Immune Response Under Study In Type 1 Diabetes Posted: 15 Feb 2009 08:00 PM PST The idea is to teach the immune system of children at high risk for type 1 diabetes not to attack the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.

More Children Need Medical Help For RSV Than Previously Known Posted: 15 Feb 2009 08:00 PM PST More than 2 million children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are seen in hospitals, emergency rooms and doctors' offices in the United States every year -- many more than doctors know. In fact, only 3 percent of children with RSV in an outpatient setting actually receive a diagnosis of RSV infection.

Medical Students Target Aphids With Insecticide Safe For Humans Posted: 15 Feb 2009 08:00 PM PST Medical scientists are focusing their expertise on a pest that destroys soybeans. The goal is to develop an insecticide that is safe for humans but will kill the soybean aphid, a bug that's been ravaging Minnesota crops.

Increasing Prosperity Has Prompted Irish Children To Balloon 24 Kilograms Since 1948 Posted: 15 Feb 2009 08:00 PM PST Irish children now weigh 24 kilograms more than they did in 1948, reveals new research.

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