Monday, October 27, 2008

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

Robotic Ants Building Homes On Mars?

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 01:00 PM CDT

Recent discoveries of water and Earth-like soil on Mars have set imaginations running wild that human beings may one day colonize the Red Planet. However, the first inhabitants might not be human in form at all, but rather swarms of tiny robots.

Gene Find Sheds Light On Motor Neuron Diseases Like ALS

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 01:00 PM CDT

Scientists have identified a gene in mice that plays a central role in the proper development of one of the nerve cells that goes bad in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig's disease, and some other diseases that affect our motor neurons.

Purple Tomatoes, Rich In Health-Protecting Anthocyanins, Developed With Help Of Snapdragons

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 01:00 PM CDT

Scientists have expressed genes from snapdragon in tomatoes to grow purple tomatoes high in health-protecting anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are naturally occurring pigments found at particularly high levels in berries such as blackberry, cranberry and chokeberry. Scientists are investigating ways to increase the levels of health-promoting compounds in more commonly eaten fruits and vegetables.

Toxic Bile Damages The Liver

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 01:00 PM CDT

Researchers have discovered a new genetic disease that can lead to severe liver damage. Because a protective component of the bile is missing, the liver cells are exposed to the toxic components of the bile, resulting in cirrhosis of liver. This could explain some of the cases of liver cirrhosis of unknown origin and open up a new approach for treatment.

Increase in Leptospirosis Disease in Sea Lions

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 01:00 PM CDT

The Marine Mammal Center has seen an increase in leptospirosis cases in sea lions this year. Researchers there are launching a new study to determine causes of cyclical outbreaks and how the disease is spread among sea lions.

Nearly Half Of US States Fail On Emergency Plan Communication, New Study Shows

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 01:00 PM CDT

Seven years after Sept. 11, and in the wake of many major natural disasters such as forest fires, hurricanes and flooding, nearly half of US states either have no state-level emergency plan or do not provide it readily to the public, reveals a new study by George Mason University communication professor Carl Botan.

21st Century Detective Work Reveals How Ancient Rock Got Off To A Hot Start

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 10:00 AM CDT

A new technique using X-rays has enabled scientists to play "detective" and solve the debate about the origins of a three billion-year-old rock fragment.

Depression During Pregnancy Can Double Risk Of Preterm Delivery

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 10:00 AM CDT

Depressed pregnant women have twice the risk of preterm delivery than pregnant women with no symptoms of depression, finds a new study in the journal Human Reproduction. The study, which is among the first to examine depression and pre-term delivery in a diverse population, provides a clear look at the link between depression and preterm delivery because the majority of the women in the study did not use anti-depressants.

New Antibiotic Target And Antibiotic Mechanism Identified; Discoveries Hold Promise For Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 10:00 AM CDT

Scientists have identified a new antibiotic target and a new antibiotic mechanism that may enable the development of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents effective against bacterial pathogens resistant to current antibiotics. In particular, the results could lead the way to new treatments for tuberculosis that involve shorter courses of therapy and are effective against drug-resistant TB.

Avian Flu Threat: New Approach Needed

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 10:00 AM CDT

As the first globally co-ordinated plan for the planet's gravest health threats is hatched by government ministers from around the world this weekend, a new report sets out a 10-point plan for a globalized approach to infectious diseases such as avian flu.

Wireless Soil Sensors Designed To Improve Farming

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 10:00 AM CDT

Researchers are developing wireless soil sensors that could one day help farmers maximize their production while minimizing environmental impacts. The prototype sensors are designed to collect and send data about soil moisture -- and eventually soil temperature and nutrient content -- while working completely underground. Farmers and their equipment could work right over the top of them.

Genome-wide Study Uncovers Increase Of Genetic Distances Towards Northern Europe

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 10:00 AM CDT

A recent study shows that genetic differences in Central Europe appear smaller than between and even within North European populations.

Acupuncture Used For Animal Ailments

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 07:00 AM CDT

Needles are often equated with pain and discomfort; however, for a horse named Gypsy the tiny sharp objects brought about much needed relief as a professor administered acupuncture therapy.

Memory Function Varies After Damage To Key Area Of The Brain

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 07:00 AM CDT

Scientists have discovered dramatic differences in the memory performance of patients with damage to the hippocampus, an area of the human brain key to memory.

Space Tech Prosthetic Leg Helps To Reach Long-jump World Record

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 07:00 AM CDT

German athlete Wojtek Czyz, running with a space-tech enhanced prosthetic leg, set a new world record at the Paralympics 2008 in Beijing, reaching an amazing 6.50 m and beating the previous world record by 27 cm.

Novel Marker Of Colon Cancer

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 07:00 AM CDT

The studies examined the gene profiles in non-invasive and invasive colon cancer using laser microdissection and polypeptide analysis. Their result indicated that combined use of polypeptide analysis might identify early expression profiles of five differential genes associated with the invasion of colon cancer and these genes may be marker of submucosal invasion in early colon cancer.

DNA Repair: Structure Of The Mre11 Protein Bound To DNA

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 07:00 AM CDT

DNA repair is critical for avoiding cancer and other diseases. A molecular machine called the MRN complex finds and signals double-strand breaks and initiates error-free repair by means of homologous recombination. Researchers have solved the structure of MRN's core protein, called Mre11, and learned how it does its job.

Paraplegic Pianists Can Operate A Piano Pedal With The Mouth

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 07:00 AM CDT

Scientists have developed a method with which a pianist can operate the right pedal of a concert grand wirelessly -- a first in the world. A paraplegic pianist can thus overcome the handicap of being able to play the piano using only his arms and hands.

How Breastfeeding Transfers Immunity To Babies

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 04:00 AM CDT

Scientists have identified a molecule that is key to mothers' ability to pass along immunity to intestinal infections to their babies through breast milk.

Optimized Radiation For Prostate Cancer Therapy

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 04:00 AM CDT

The determination of the precise anatomical location of a tumor is the prerequisite for setting optimal parameters for radiation treatment of prostate cancer. This approach guarantees that the ionizing radiation only destroys tumorous cells and does not affect other organs in the vicinity of the prostate. In a cooperative study with Innsbruck Medical University and the East-Vienna Center of Social Medicine, two physicists of Vienna University of Technology (TU), evaluated the mean deviation of radiation parameters for prostate cancers and compared various sources of radiation.

How Does Climate Change Affect The Water Cycle?

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 04:00 AM CDT

Climate change is having an impact on the water cycle, raising the issue of whether we should be investing in adapting to these impacts or focusing on more pressing water resource issues, such as providing water and sanitation for increasing populations? If investment in adapting to climate change is a priority, then is it best to invest in protecting natural ecosystems or developing engineered infrastructure?

Even Mild Sleep Apnea Increases Cardiovascular Risk

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 04:00 AM CDT

People with even minimally symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea may be at increased risk for cardiovascular disease because of impaired endothelial function and increased arterial stiffness, according to a study from the Oxford Center for Respiratory Medicine in the UK.

Soil Conservation And River Management Tied Together

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 04:00 AM CDT

Sediment in rivers comes from erosion of the landscape as well as the erosion and collapse of the banks themselves. Just how much each source contributes to a river -- and how it affects the flow and path of that river -- is the subject of new research.

Socioeconomic And Treatment Factors Affect Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients' Survival

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 04:00 AM CDT

Socioeconomic factors and the type of treatment received have an impact on a non-Hodgkin lymphoma patient's risk of dying.

Physical And Interpersonal Warmth Linked

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 01:00 AM CDT

People appear to trust others more when they experience physical warmth, according to new research. Researchers say that simply handling a hot cup of coffee can change one's attitude toward a stranger.

How Epilepsy Develops: New Relationship Between Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor And Inflammatory Signaling

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 01:00 AM CDT

The development of epilepsy in adult rats is linked to functional changes in the expression of alpha 1 containing GABA-A receptors.

Biodiversity In A Warmer World

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 01:00 AM CDT

Will climate change exceed life's ability to respond? Biodiversity in a Warmer World, published in the Oct. 10, 2008, issue of the journal, Science, illustrates that cross-disciplinary research fostered by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama clearly informs this urgent debate.

Evidence-based Drug Therapy In Acute Heart Attacks

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 01:00 AM CDT

Patients who received treatment from non-cardiologists and physicians with 29 or more years of experience had significantly lower use of evidence-based drug therapies compared with cardiologists and physicians with fewer than 14 years of experience, found a retrospective, population-based cohort study of heart attack patients.

Thinking It Through: Scientists Call For Policy To Guide Biofuels Industry Toward Sustainability

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 01:00 AM CDT

As the United States and other nations commit to the path of biofuels production, 23 scientists call for sustainable practices in an industry that will, as one of them says, "reshape the Earth's landscape in a significant way."

4 In 10 Parents Wrong On Whether Their Child Is Under Or Overweight

Posted: 27 Oct 2008 01:00 AM CDT

More than four in 10 parents with underweight and overweight children mistakenly believe their children are in the average weight range, according to University of Melbourne research.

No comments: