Sunday, September 28, 2008

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

Compound Could Help Detect Chemical, Biological Weapons At Long Distances

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 07:00 PM CDT

A light-transmitting compound that could one day be used in high-efficiency fiber optics and in sensors to detect biological and chemical weapons at long distance almost went undiscovered by scientists because its structure was too difficult to examine.

Novel Mechanism To Reduce Nervous System Inflammation Identified

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 07:00 PM CDT

Researchers have discovered a new way to limit inflammation caused by the activation of microglia -- key immune cells in the brain. Although the role of such cells is to "clean up damage" after injury, they often worsen the damage by releasing toxic inflammatory factors.

Brain Imaging Study Provides New Insight Into Why People Pay Too Much In Auctions

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 07:00 PM CDT

Auctions are an old and widely used method for allocating goods that have become increasingly common with the advent of internet auctions sites such as Ebay. Previous economic research has shown that in an auction people tend to bid "too high," or overbid, given the value of the item for sale. By combining brain imaging techniques with behavioral economic research, neuroscientists and economists were able to provide new insight into this tendency to overbid.

Inhibiting Cholesterol-associated Protein Reduces High-risk Blockages In Arteries

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 07:00 PM CDT

Using the drug darapladib, researchers have inhibited a cholesterol-and immune system-associated protein, thereby reducing the development of heart-disease plaques that may cause death, heart attacks, and strokes in a pig model of atherosclerosis and diabetes.

Seabird Ammonia Emissions Contribute To Atmospheric Acidity

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 07:00 PM CDT

Ammonia emissions from seabirds have been shown to be a significant source of nitrogen in remote coastal ecosystems, contributing to nutrient enrichment (eutrophication) and acidification in ecosystems.

Workers More Prone To Lie In E-mail, And Feel Justified In Lying

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 07:00 PM CDT

A pair of recent studies suggest that E-mail is the most deceptive form of communications in the workplace -- even more so than more traditional kinds of written communications, like pen-and-paper. More surprising is that people actually feel justified when lying using E-mail, the studies show.

NASA Orbiter Reveals Rock Fracture Plumbing On Mars

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 01:00 PM CDT

NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has revealed hundreds of small fractures exposed on the Martian surface that billions of years ago directed flows of water through underground Martian sandstone.

Acoustic Communication In Deep-sea Fish

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 01:00 PM CDT

Scientists studying sound production in deep-sea fishes has found that cusk-eels use several sets of muscles to produce sound that plays a prominent role in male mating calls.

CDC Urges More Children To Get Flu Shots

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 01:00 PM CDT

For the first time, health officials are urging all kids going back to school to get a flu shot. It's one of the changes being made after last year's bad influenza season. The Food and Drug Administration has also reformulated the vaccine to better combat the virus. The vaccine was largely ineffective last year, blocking only 40 percent of the strains of influenza virus, compared to the usual 70 to 90 percent protection rate.

Global Carbon Emissions Speed Up, Beyond IPCC Projections

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 01:00 PM CDT

The Global Carbon Project posted the most recent figures for the worlds' carbon budget, a key to understanding the balance of carbon added to the atmosphere, the underpinning of human induced climate change. Despite the increasing international sense of urgency, the growth rate of emissions continued to speed up, bringing the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration to 383 parts per million in 2007. Emissions growth for 2000-2007 was above even the most fossil fuel intensive scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Majority Of Children Vaccinated Against Hepatitis B Not At Increased Risk Of Multiple Sclerosis, Study Shows

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 01:00 PM CDT

The majority of children vaccinated against hepatitis B are not at an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), according to a study in Neurology.

Most Elementary Schools In California Will Fail To Meet Proficiency Requirements By 2014, Study Shows

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 01:00 PM CDT

A new study shows that nearly all elementary schools in California will fail to meet the Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) requirements for proficiency by 2014, the year when all students in the nation need to be proficient in English Language Arts (ELA) and mathematics, per the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. For most schools, the greatest risk of failing AYP lies with ELA proficiency, the study finds.

Brand Attitudes Improve When Product Is Paired With Favorable Actor

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 01:00 PM CDT

Love a rap artist's music, and you may develop fond feelings for the products placed in that artist's rap video. But, researchers recently found that the evaluation of brand decreases when paired with a negatively viewed actor.

Arctic Saw Fastest August Sea Ice Retreat On Record, NASA Data Show

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 07:00 AM CDT

Following a record-breaking season of arctic sea ice decline in 2007, NASA scientists have kept a close watch on the 2008 melt season. Although the melt season did not break the record for ice loss, NASA data are showing that for a four-week period in August 2008, sea ice melted faster during that period than ever before.

Working Environment Is One Cause Of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 07:00 AM CDT

It has long been known that environmental factors play a part in the development of rheumatoid arthritis; smoking and drinking alcohol, along with heredity, are particularly instrumental in increasing the risk of the disease. Scientists have now produced results that suggest that working environment factors can also increase the chances of developing rheumatoid arthritis.

Effect Of Climate Change On Animal Diversity

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 07:00 AM CDT

Two species of giraffe, several rhinos and five elephant relatives, along with multitudes of rodents, bush pigs, horses, antelope and apes, once inhabited what is now northern Pakistan.

Deactivating A Cancer Growth Promoter

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 07:00 AM CDT

Three enzymes called phosphatases that shut down a molecule called SRC-3 (steroid receptor coactivator 3) could provide a new pathway for fighting cancer, particularly tumors of the breast and prostate, said researchers in the journal Molecular Cell.

Meta-Screens: Squeezing Light Into Sub-Wavelength Spots

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 07:00 AM CDT

In a new study, physicists have invented a simple structure called a meta-screen, designed to focus light into tiny spots smaller than the wavelength of the photons in use.

Hospital Patients Are Discharged Earlier On Busier Days

Posted: 28 Sep 2008 07:00 AM CDT

A new study suggests that patients are discharged earlier than expected on days when hospitals face highest demand.

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