Monday, August 25, 2008

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

Converting Sunlight To Cheaper Energy

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 10:00 AM CDT

Scientists are working to convert sunlight to cheap electricity. They are working with new materials that can make devices used for converting sunlight to electricity cheaper and more efficient.

Key Allergy Gene Discovered

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 10:00 AM CDT

Scientists have pinpointed a major gene for allergic diseases. In genetically susceptible individuals the immune system becomes biased and produces IgE antibodies against harmless agents such as pollen, dust mites or animal hair. These IgE antibodies then work in conjunction with certain cells to get rid of the allergens, a process that gives rise to the symptoms of allergy such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever), atopic dermatitis or asthma.

A New Biopesticide For The Organic Food Boom

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 10:00 AM CDT

With the boom in consumption of organic foods creating a pressing need for natural insecticides and herbicides that can be used on crops certified as "organic," biopesticide pioneer Pam G. Marrone is reporting development of a new "green" pesticide obtained from an extract of the giant knotweed. The research will be reported in August at the American Chemical Society national meeting in Philadelphia.

Anti-tumor Effects Are Enhanced By Inhibiting Two Pathways Rather Than One

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 10:00 AM CDT

Two independent research groups have found that simultaneous inhibition of two signaling pathways -- mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways -- results in substantially enhanced antitumor effects when compared with inhibition of either pathway alone in mouse models of prostate and breast cancer.

Fast Quantum Computer Building Block Created

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 10:00 AM CDT

The fastest quantum computer bit that exploits the main advantage of the qubit over the conventional bit has been demonstrated. The scientists used lasers to create an initialized quantum state of this solid-state qubit at rates of about a gigahertz, or a billion times per second. They can also use lasers to achieve fundamental steps toward programming it.

Healthy People And Enhancement Drugs

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 10:00 AM CDT

Healthy people are more willing to take drugs to enhance traits that are not fundamental to their identity. People's willingness to take a pill or drug depends on whether the trait the drug promises to enhance is one they consider fundamental.

Tiny Cellular Antennae Trigger Neural Stem Cells

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 07:00 AM CDT

Scientists report evidence suggesting that the tiny cilia found on brain cells of mammals, thought to be vestiges of a primeval past, actually play a critical role in relaying molecular signals that spur creation of neurons in an area of the brain involved in mood, learning and memory.

Alternative Vaccine Strategy Shows Promise In Prostate Cancer Patients

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 07:00 AM CDT

New research indicates that giving patients a continuous low dose of an immune system booster, a method known as metronomic dosing, as part of a therapeutic prostate cancer vaccine strategy is safe and produces similar immune responses and fewer side effects than the more common dosing method, which is not well tolerated by many patients.

Archaeologists Lift Lid On Rare Roman Find

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 07:00 AM CDT

Archaeologists in the UK have discovered two rare Roman stone sarcophagi. The 1800-year-old sandstone coffins were uncovered at a dig on the site of former chapel and office buildings in Newcastle upon Tyne They are the first such find -- and arguably the most impressive -- in the area for more than 100 years.

Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Guidelines Developed For Physicians

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 07:00 AM CDT

Updated rules add new anti-arthritic drugs and proven combinations to the arsenal for treating rheumatoid arthritis. The RA guidelines, issued by the American College of Rheumatology, are the first update since 2002. They focus on several classes of anti-arthritic drugs, including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and genetically engineered biologics.

Researching Most Promising Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 07:00 AM CDT

A scientific research and development programme is being launched in Norway with the aim of generating more cost effective technology for CO2-capture. The project is one of the biggest of its kind to date.

Starting Kindergarten Later Gives Students Only A Fleeting Edge, Study Finds

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 07:00 AM CDT

New research challenges a growing trend toward holding kids out of kindergarten until they're older, arguing that academic advantages are short-lived and come at the expense of delaying entry into the workforce and other costs.

Generations Of Stars Pose For Family Portrait

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 04:00 AM CDT

A new image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope tells a tale of life and death amidst a rich family history. The striking infrared picture shows a colorful cosmic cloud, called W5, studded with multiple generations of blazing stars.

Uncertainties Prevail Over Human Health Benefits Of Polyphenols

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 04:00 AM CDT

Despite scores of studies documenting the effects of healthful plant nutrients called polyphenols in protecting nerves from damage, it would be "unwise" to assume that the same protective effects occur for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other human disorders, a new report concludes. 

How Cancer Cells Come Unstuck And Spread

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 04:00 AM CDT

Scientists have started a three-year study into the junctions that hold cells together, giving insight into how cancer cells can break off and spread to other parts of the body.

LipidomicNet: New Lipidomics Project Promotes Translational Research Towards Human Disease

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 04:00 AM CDT

The enormous advances in biology and biomedical research during the last decade originate mainly from the fields of Genomics and Proteomics. The current revolution in lipid analysis, however, promises change. For the first time the methodological possibilities are available to map the entire spectrum of lipids in cells, tissues and whole organisms.

Extinct In England For Nearly Three Decades: Could The Burbot Swim Again In UK Rivers?

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 04:00 AM CDT

Scientists are to carry out a feasibility study on the possibility of reintroducing burbot, a freshwater fish, to UK rivers, and are conducting an online survey to hear the views of members of the public.

Part Of The In-group? A Surprising New Strategy Helps Reduce Unhealthy Behaviors

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 04:00 AM CDT

Public health campaigns intended to reduce unhealthy behaviors like binge drinking and eating junk food often focus on the risks of those behaviors. But a new study suggests a relatively simple but surprisingly effective strategy to improve consumer health.

Picking Out Specific Sounds In A Complex Scene: Researchers Study 'Cocktail Party Effect', Measure Auditory Dynamics Of Selective Attention

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 01:00 AM CDT

In complex scenes such as noisy parties or crowded restaurants, it is more difficult to follow a conversation involving many people, than to focus on one talker at one location. This auditory ability to switch attention and, in the next instant, reset focus to a new speaker, is something about which little is known -- until now.

Joint Trauma: Cartilage Repair Gel To Improve Quality Of Life

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 01:00 AM CDT

Scientists are developing a cartilage repair gel to improve the quality of life for people suffering with medical joint trouble such as osteoarthritis.

79 Million US Adults Have Medical Bill Problems Or Are Paying Off Medical Debt

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 01:00 AM CDT

The proportion of working-age Americans who have medical bill problems or who are paying off medical debt climbed from 34 percent to 41 percent between 2005 and 2007, bringing the total to 72 million, according to recent survey findings from The Commonwealth Fund. In addition, 7 million adults age 65 and over also had problems paying medical bills, for a total of 79 million adults with medical bill problems or medical debt.

Study Examines Testing Model To Predict And Diagnose New Cases Of Dementia

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 01:00 AM CDT

A preliminary report suggests that within-person variability on neuropsychological testing may be associated with development of dementia in older adults.

Agile Approach Slashes Software Development Time

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 01:00 AM CDT

Results of the EUREKA ITEA software Cluster AGILE project make it possible for European manufacturers to develop high quality embedded software in markedly shorter times and at much lower costs than possible with traditional techniques. Applying the approach to 68 pilot case studies in industries from avionics and telecommunications to consumer electronics, the project demonstrated clearly that 'agile' methodology can lead to massive improvements in embedded software engineering.

The Big Gulp: Consumers Avoid Extremes In Soda Sizes

Posted: 25 Aug 2008 01:00 AM CDT

As portion sizes have increased, Americans' waistlines have expanded. And as a new study demonstrates, consumers are tricked into drinking more soft drinks when retailers eliminate small drink sizes.

Mid-Depth Soil Collected For Lab Test On NASA's Mars Lander

Posted: 23 Aug 2008 11:00 PM CDT

NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander has scooped up a soil sample from an intermediate depth between the ground surface and a subsurface icy layer. The sample was delivered to a laboratory oven on the spacecraft.

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