Sunday, February 22, 2009

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

Cannibalism Among Rattlesnakes Helps Females To Recover After Birth

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 02:00 PM PST

Researchers have produced the first quantitative description of cannibalism among female rattlesnakes (Crotalus polystictus) after monitoring 190 reptiles. The study has shown that these animals ingest on average 11% of their postpartum mass (in particular eggs and dead offspring) in order to recover energy for subsequent reproduction.

Molecules Self-assemble To Provide New Therapeutic Treatments

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 02:00 PM PST

By tailoring peptide amphiphiles, small synthetic molecules, and combining them with other molecules, researchers can make a wide variety of structures that may provide new treatments for medical issues including spinal cord injuries, diabetes and Parkinson's disease. Combining the PA molecules with hyaluronic acid, a biopolymer found in the human body in places like joints and cartilage, resulted in an instant membrane structure in the form of self-assembling sacs.

Nanoscale Materials Grow With The Flow

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 02:00 PM PST

Scientists have shown that nanoscale, uniform lead islands on silicon are spontaneously and quickly created by unusually mobile atoms. The discovery of the "liquid-like" nanogrowth mechanism is promising for nanotechnology applications, which require fast, consistent, and efficient material growth for industrial-scale production.

Durability Of Dental Fillings Improves If The Enzyme Activity Of Teeth Is Inhibited

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 02:00 PM PST

A dental filling is more durable if the enzyme activity of the tooth can be inhibited. Professor Leo Tjaderhane of the Department of Pedodontics, Cariology and Endodontology at the University of Oulu, together with wide international collaborative team, has been developing this method with funding from the Academy of Finland.

Tracking Warming Trend In Northwestern North America

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 02:00 PM PST

A new study says that weather, especially in late winter and early spring, is getting warmer in northwestern North America.

Student Finds Rare Lincoln Fingerprint

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 02:00 PM PST

A first-year university student has discovered what experts say is a fingerprint belonging to Abraham Lincoln from nearly 150 years ago.

Single-celled Algae Took The Leap To Multicellularity 200 Million Years Ago

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 08:00 AM PST

Ancestors of the alga Volvox made the transition from the solitary life of a single-celled organism to that of a multicellular colony much earlier than previously thought, according to new research. Studying how algae made the leap provides clues to how organisms such as plants and animals evolved from single-celled ancestors. Mediating conflict between the cooperating cells is the key.

Stem Cell Research Uncovers Mechanism For Type 2 Diabetes

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 08:00 AM PST

Taking clues from their stem cell research, investigators have discovered that a signaling pathway involved in normal pancreatic development is also associated with type 2 diabetes.

Neural Circuitry Of Near-misses May Explain The Allure Of Gambling

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 08:00 AM PST

Why do people gamble if they know that the house always wins? Researchers argue that near-misses, where the gambler narrowly misses out on the jackpot, may provide part of the answer.

Hypertension Drug Dramatically Reduces Proteinuria In Kidney Disease Patients

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 08:00 AM PST

Taking a much higher than recommended dose of the hypertension drug candesartan cilexetil effectively lowered the amount of protein excreted in the urine of patients with kidney disease, according to a new study. By reducing such proteinuria, the drug could potentially prevent the development of serious complications such as end-stage kidney disease and therefore save many patients' lives.

Intrepid Explorers And The Search For The Origin Of Species

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 08:00 AM PST

Evolution, we know, is the guiding thread of biology and explains life as we know it. But how that big idea was inspired and expanded over two centuries of natural history is really a tale of the adventures of a handful of intrepid scientists whose derring-do, perseverance and intellectual curiosity sparked a revolution that forever changed our view of the living world.

Simply Hoping That Humanity Will Save The Environment May Do More Harm Than Good, Experts Argue

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 08:00 AM PST

Do you "hope" that everyone will see the light and start living more sustainably to save the environment? If so, you may be doing more harm than good.

Glaciers In China And Tibet Fading Fast

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 02:00 AM PST

Glaciers that serve as water sources to one of the most ecologically diverse alpine communities on earth are melting at an alarming rate, according to a recent report.

Surprising Interactions Of Diabetes Mellitus And Sepsis

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 02:00 AM PST

Diabetic patients are less likely to suffer from acute respiratory failure during severe sepsis. Researchers studied 930 million hospitalizations over a 25-year period to investigate the protective effect, adding to our knowledge of both diabetes and sepsis.

Taking The Stress Out Of Magnetic Field Detection

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 02:00 AM PST

Researchers have discovered that a carefully built magnetic sandwich has dramatically enhanced sensitivity to magnetic fields and could lead to greatly improved magnetic sensors for a wide range of applications from weapons detection and non-destructive testing to medical devices and high-performance data storage.

Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment of Ustekinumab Effective, Study Suggests

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 02:00 AM PST

A group of patients suffering from potentially debilitating psoriatic arthritis showed significant and prolonged improvement after treatment with ustekinumab, according to data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with moderate to severe psoriatic arthritis.

New Anti-graffiti Coating Able To Protect Cultural Heritage Ancient Materials Has Been Developed To Prevent Damage Caused By Graffiti Attack

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 02:00 AM PST

Cultural Heritage materials are often porous and in many cases present decay in several forms. Because of their historical value, they must be protected. Today, this type of material is threatened by graffiti, which is not only aesthetically unpleasing, but also damages the historic substrates due to the penetration of paints and the methods used to remove the graffiti later.

Easing Children's Fears Of The Dentist

Posted: 22 Feb 2009 02:00 AM PST

For many children, a trip to the doctor or dentist is a stressful experience. The sensory environment (i.e., the sounds, smells, and lights associated with the clinical setting) can cause a child's anxiety levels to rise. This is especially true in children with developmental disabilities who may have difficulty understanding the unfamiliar clinical environment.

Most Wars Occur In Earth's Richest Biological Regions

Posted: 21 Feb 2009 08:00 PM PST

In a startling result scientists find that more than 80 percent of the world's major armed conflicts from 1950-2000 occurred in regions identified as the most biologically diverse and threatened places on Earth.

New Therapy With Stem Cells To Treat Crohn's Disease

Posted: 21 Feb 2009 08:00 PM PST

Scientists are exploring an innovative cellular therapy that uses stem cells to treat Crohn's disease, a chronic genetic disease which has considerable impact on the quality of life of the patients.

Seamounts May Serve As Refuges For Deep-sea Animals That Struggle To Survive Elsewhere

Posted: 21 Feb 2009 08:00 PM PST

Over the last two decades, marine biologists have discovered lush forests of deep-sea corals and sponges growing on seamounts (underwater mountains) offshore of the California coast. It has generally been assumed that many of these animals live only on seamounts, and are found nowhere else. However, two new research papers show that most seamount animals can also be found in other deep-sea areas. These findings may help coastal managers protect seamounts from damage by human activities.

Eosinophils As Markers For Asthma: Largest Scale Study So Far On Asthma Genetics Sheds Light On Disease Mechanisms

Posted: 21 Feb 2009 08:00 PM PST

Asthma and allergic diseases are associated with a number of biological reactions. One of these reactions is an elevated blood count of eosinophils, multifunctional leukocytes that release highly active proteins primarily to combat parasites. In the largest study so far on asthma genetics, scientists used this immune reaction as an easily measurable marker to elucidate the underlying disease mechanisms.

New Reference Material Can Improve Testing Of Multivitamin Tablets

Posted: 21 Feb 2009 08:00 PM PST

NIST has developed a new certified reference material that can be an important quality assurance tool for measuring the amounts of vitamins, carotenoids and trace elements in dietary supplements.

New Treatment Approach Needed For Management Of Depression With Bipolar Disorder

Posted: 21 Feb 2009 08:00 PM PST

Scientists have attempted to identify what factors make some people with bipolar depression more likely to experience treatment-emergent mania.

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