Monday, December 08, 2008

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

Physicists Set New Record For Quantum Memory Storage And Retrieval

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 11:00 AM PST

Physicists have taken a significant step toward creation of quantum networks by establishing a new record for the length of time that quantum information can be stored in and retrieved from an ensemble of very cold atoms. Though the information remains usable for just milliseconds, even that short lifetime should be enough to allow transmission of data from one quantum repeater to another on an optical network.

Genes For Nine Health Indicators: Population Study Finds Genetics Clues

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 11:00 AM PST

A new genome-wide study examines genetic variants associated with nine metabolic traits and is the first to draw out novel variants from a population unselected for current disease. The traits are indicators for common disease such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, inflammation and lipid levels.

How Disease Disables Tomato Plant's 'Intruder Alarm'

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 11:00 AM PST

How a bacterium overcomes a tomato plant's defenses and causes disease, by sneakily disabling the plant's intruder detection systems, is revealed in new research in Current Biology.

Exposure To Second-Hand Smoke Reduced In New Estimate

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 11:00 AM PST

As the connection between second-hand smoke and coronary heart disease (CHD) became clearer and legislation was passed to reduce such passive smoking, exposures have been reduced. Researchers have recalibrated the CHD Policy Model to better predict future trends in CHD.

Wind Screen Collects Cool Air To Help Save The Rhône Glacier In Switzerland

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 11:00 AM PST

A small wind screen has been erected on a glacier to test the concept of collecting cool air and reducing melting caused by global warming. By constructing a wind screen on the Rhône glacier in Switzerland, cold downwinds, which normally pass unhindered into the valley, can be intercepted and collected, thus creating a cold air cushion at the wind screen and in its close vicinity.

Unlocking The Mysteries Of Memory

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 11:00 AM PST

Stop and think for a moment. What do you remember about your breakfast this morning? One part of your brain will recall the smell of coffee brewing, while another will remember your partner's smile while walking out the door. How does the brain weave together these fragments, and how does it bring them back to conscious life?

Bio-inspired Toughest Ceramic Mimics Mother Of Pearl

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 08:00 AM PST

Biomimicry -- technological innovation inspired by nature -- is one of the hottest ideas in science but has yet to yield many practical advances. Time for a change. Scientists have mimicked now the structure of mother of pearl to create what may well be the toughest ceramic ever produced.

Vitamin E Shows Possible Promise In Easing Chronic Inflammation

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 08:00 AM PST

With up to half of a person's body mass consisting of skeletal muscle, chronic inflammation of those muscles – which include those found in the limbs – can result in significant physical impairment. Researchers have found that vitamin E shows promise in easing inflammation.

Interferon As Long-term Treatment For Hepatitis C Not Effective

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 08:00 AM PST

Use of the drug interferon as a long-term maintenance strategy to slow the progression of liver disease associated with the hepatitis C virus is ineffective, according to new research.

Iressa Proves Just As Effective As Chemotherapy For Lung Cancer

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 08:00 AM PST

Gefitinib, also known as Iressa, the once-promising targeted therapy for the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer, has proven as effective as chemotherapy as a second-line therapy for the disease with far fewer side effects, according to an international Phase III clinical trial.

Rooted Plants Move Mysteriously Down Greenways

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 08:00 AM PST

The wild pea pod is big and heavy, with seemingly little prayer of escaping the shade of its parent plant.

Do Stereotypes About Social Groups Bias Personnel Decisions?

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 08:00 AM PST

Research that is said to demonstrate that stereotypes about social groups bias personnel decisions may be based on faulty methods of studying the question.

Intervention In Infants With Cystic Fibrosis Key To Slowing Progression

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 05:00 AM PST

Early detection of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF), combined with aggressive treatment in infants, may be the key to controlling the progression of the disease, according to a recent study. New research shows that contrary to previous scientific opinion, progressive lung damage in CF patients can begin as early as infancy even though lung function shortly after diagnosis is normal.

Robotics Integrated With Human Body In Near Future? Technology Gulf Between 'Have' And 'Have Nots' Predicted By 2020

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 05:00 AM PST

What is the potential future impact of robots on society? New conclusions show that the enormous automation capacity of robots and their ability to interact with humans will cause a technological imbalance over the next 12 years between those who have them and those who do not. One significant area of research may well result in the insertion of robots into our bodies, such as intelligent implants in the brain, which will improve our rational thought, and nanorobots to be released into the blood to clean our arteries.

Discovery Of A Debilitating Genetic Syndrome

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 05:00 AM PST

Canadian researchers announce the discovery of MEDNIK Syndrome, a debilitating genetic syndrome. Scientists have demonstrated that this syndrome is caused by a newly found mutation in the AP1S1 gene.

Large-scale Gene Silencing Mystery Solved

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 05:00 AM PST

Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding the phenomenon of nucleolar dominance, the silencing of an entire parental set of ribosomal RNA genes in a hybrid plant or animal. Since the machinery involved in nucleolar dominance is some of the same machinery that can go haywire in diseases such as cancer, this new study may have important implications for applied medical research.

Body Shape and Heart Disease Risk: Apple Or Pear Shape Is Not Main Culprit To Heart Woes -- It's Liver Fat

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 05:00 AM PST

Pear-shaped people who carry weight in the thighs and backside have been told for years they are at lower risk for high blood pressure and heart disease than apple-shaped people who carry fat in the abdomen. But in two studies, School of Medicine researchers report that body shape isn't the only marker of risk. Excess liver fat appears to be the key to insulin resistance, cholesterol abnormalities and other problems that contribute to diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

California's Deep Sea Secrets: New Species Found, Human Impact Revealed

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 02:00 AM PST

Scientists returning from research expeditions in Mexico have captured unprecedented details of vibrant sea life and ecosystems in the Gulf of California, including documentations of new species and marine animals previously never seen alive. Yet the expeditions, which included surveys at unexplored depths, have revealed disturbing declines in sea-life populations and evidence that human impacts have stretched down deeply in the gulf.

Bone Marrow-derived Stem Cells May Offer Novel Therapeutic Option For Skin Disorder

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 02:00 AM PST

Stem cells derived from bone marrow may serve as a novel therapeutic option to treat a disease called epidermolysis bullosa, a disorder characterized by extraordinarily fragile skin, according to a study in Blood.

Best Treatments For Long-term Survival In Brain Tumor Patients Identified

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 02:00 AM PST

A new study found that patients with low-grade gliomas survived longest when they underwent aggressive surgeries to successfully remove the entire tumor. If safely removing the entire tumor was not possible, patients survived significantly longer when surgery was followed by radiation therapy.

New Bone Implant Technology Using Techniques Used To Make Catalytic Converters

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 02:00 AM PST

A method of producing synthetic bone, using techniques normally used to make catalytic converters for cars, is being developed by researchers.

Privacy Issues: Avoiding Becoming A Victim Of Online Crime

Posted: 08 Dec 2008 02:00 AM PST

Individuals must take control of their own online identities if they are to avoid becoming victims of online crime. That is the conclusion of two studies published in the International Journal of Intellectual Property Management.

Mutualism By Natural Selection: Imitation Is Not Just Flattery For Amazon Butterfly Species

Posted: 07 Dec 2008 11:00 PM PST

Many studies of evolution focus on the benefits to the individual of competing successfully -- those who survive produce the most offspring, in Darwin's classic 'survival of the fittest'. But how does this translate to the evolution of species? A new article reviews an aspect of the natural world that, like survival of the fittest individual, is explained by natural selection: namely, mutualism -- an interaction between species that has benefits for both. The work shows that some species of butterfly that live alongside one another have evolved in ways that, surprisingly, benefit both species.

New Target Discovered To Treat Epileptic Seizures Following Brain Trauma Or Stroke

Posted: 07 Dec 2008 11:00 PM PST

New therapies for some forms of epilepsy may soon be possible, thanks to a new discovery by neuroscience researchers. The researchers found that hemichannels -- the same channels the researchers previously found to that cause cell death following a stroke -- may also cause epileptic seizures that occur following head trauma or a stroke.

Transporting Young Salmon To Help Them Avoid Dams Hinders Adult Migration

Posted: 07 Dec 2008 11:00 PM PST

Scientists have discovered that management efforts intended to assist migrations of salmon and steelhead trout can have unintended consequences for fish populations. Juveniles that are transported downstream on boats can lose the ability to migrate back to their breeding grounds, reducing their survivorship and altering adaptations in the wild. Attempts to avoid dams can therefore decrease survival in adult fish. Transportation programs have been in place for over three decades to improve the survival of fish that hatch in rivers but migrate downstream to the ocean, where they live most of their adult lives.

Long-term Antibiotics Reduce COPD Exacerbations, Raise Questions

Posted: 07 Dec 2008 11:00 PM PST

Long-term use of a macrolide antibiotic may reduce the frequency of exacerbations in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by as much as 35 percent, according to a London-based study.

Managing Carbon Loss

Posted: 07 Dec 2008 11:00 PM PST

The push for alternative energy has created a large demand for corn stover, a popular feedstock used to produce cellulosic ethanol, but utilizing these materials, rather than using it as compost, means a loss of soil organic carbon. Researchers have studied the effectiveness of alternative carbon augmentation practices and have reported positive results.

American Values Blamed For U.S Health-care Crisis

Posted: 07 Dec 2008 11:00 PM PST

To heal our ailing health-care system, we need to stop thinking like Americans. That's the consensus of two new articles published in the journal Neurology by a neurologist and leading expert on national health-care reform.

Cold Sore Virus Linked To Alzheimer's Disease: New Treatment, Or Even Vaccine Possible

Posted: 07 Dec 2008 05:00 PM PST

The virus behind cold sores is a major cause of the insoluble protein plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease sufferers, researchers have revealed. They believe the herpes simplex virus is a significant factor in developing the debilitating disease and could be treated by antiviral agents such as acyclovir, which is already used to treat cold sores and other diseases caused by the herpes virus. Another future possibility is vaccination against the virus to prevent the development of the disease in the first place.

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